华南预防医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (8): 923-928.doi: 10.12183/j.scjpm.2026.0923

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

深圳市某小学一起手足口病暴发疫情调查分析

宋丽霞1,4, 郭聪锐2, 许玉成2, 张雯3,4, 陈霓璇1,4, 张振1, 吕秋莹1, 陈志高1   

  1. 1.深圳市疾病预防控制中心,广东 深圳 518055;
    2.深圳市福田区疾病预防控制中心;
    3.深圳市罗湖区疾病预防控制中心;
    4.深圳市现场流行病学培训项目
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-05 出版日期:2026-08-20 发布日期:2026-09-08
  • 通讯作者: 陈志高,E-mail:289210635@qq.com
  • 作者简介:宋丽霞(1993—),女,大学本科,主管医生,主要从事传染病防控工作
  • 基金资助:
    2021年深圳市自然科学基金重点项目(JCYJ20210324115411030); 深圳市科技计划资助(SYSPG20241211173921049)

An epidemiological investigation of a hand, foot, and mouth disease outbreak in a primary school in Shenzhen

Song Lixia1,4, Guo Congrui2, Xu Yucheng2, Zhang Wen3,4, Chen Nixuan1,4, Zhang Zhen1, LYU Qiuying1, Chen Zhigao1   

  1. 1. Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China;
    2. Futian District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen;
    3. Luohu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen;
    4. Shenzhen Field Epidemiology Training Program
  • Received:2025-11-05 Online:2026-08-20 Published:2026-09-08

摘要: 目的 分析深圳市福田区Z小学一起手足口病(HFMD)暴发疫情的流行病学特征、传播模式及防控措施效果,为学校疫情的处置提供科学依据。方法 采用现场流行病学调查、RT-PCR病原学检测、回顾性队列研究及传播动力学分析,对Z校全体师生及患者家庭开展病例搜索、个案访谈、危险因素调查和R0Rt测算。结果 共发现病例24例(Z校学生18例,非Z校学生6例),Z校发病班级罹患率为6.41%(18/281),病原学检测以柯萨奇病毒A组16型(CVA16)和其他型别肠道病毒为主。疫情呈六代传播,主要传播途径为好友(56.17%)及家庭(37.50%)密切接触;家庭续发率88.89%,并导致跨班、跨校扩散。发病前10 d内与HFMD患者密切接触是疫情传播的危险因素(RR=13.33,95% CI:1.81~98.04),班级罹患率随病例发病至隔离时间增加而显著上升(P<0.01)。采取病例隔离及停课措施后再生系数由R0=2迅速降至Rt=0(P=0.01)。结论 这是一起CVA16和其他型别肠道病毒引起的小学HFMD暴发疫情,学校校医配备不足及病例瞒报是疫情延误发现的重要原因。应重视家庭及好友间密切接触引起的疫情扩散,缩短发病至隔离时间、强化家校联防、补足校医人力及加强症状监测是实现疫情早期阻断的关键措施。

关键词: 手足口病, 暴发疫情, 学生, 流行病学调查

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics, transmission dynamics, and effectiveness of control measures of a hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) outbreak at Z Primary School in Futian District, Shenzhen, to provide a scientific basis for the management of school-based outbreaks. Methods Field epidemiology, RT-PCR etiological testing, a retrospective cohort study, and transmission dynamics analysis were employed. Case finding, individual interviews, and investigation of risk factors were conducted among all students, faculty, and patients' families at Z school. The R0 and Rt were calculated. Results A total of 24 cases were identified (18 students from Z school and 6 from other schools). The morbidity rate in the affected classes at Z school was 6.41% (18/281). The etiological investigation identified Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) and other enteroviruses as the primary pathogens. The outbreak comprised six generations of transmission, with close contact among friends (56.17%) and within families (37.50%) as the main transmission routes. The secondary attack rate within families was 88.89%, leading to cross-class and cross-school transmission. Close contact with an HFMD patient within 10 days prior to onset was a significant risk factor for transmission (RR=13.33, 95% CI 1.81-98.04). The classroom attack rate increased significantly with a longer interval from symptom onset to isolation (P<0.01). Following the implementation of case isolation and class suspension, the reproduction number decreased from an R0 of 2 to an Rt of 0 (P=0.01). Conclusion This was an HFMD outbreak in a primary school caused by CVA16 and other enteroviruses. Insufficient school medical personnel and underreporting of cases were significant factors in the delayed detection of the outbreak. Close contact within families and among friends should be emphasized as a key factor in the spread of the epidemic. Shortening the time from onset to isolation, strengthening home-school collaboration and prevention, increasing the number of school medical staff, and enhancing symptom surveillance are critical measures for the early interruption of outbreaks.

Key words: Hand, foot, and mouth disease, Outbreak, Students, Epidemiological investigation

中图分类号: 

  • R183.4