2017年广州市城区大气PM2.5中水溶性重金属污染特征及健康风险评价

doi:10.13217/j.scjpm.2019.0107

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解2017年广州市不同城区大气PM_2.5中水溶性重金属元素的污染水平,并评估其对人群产生的健康风险。方法根据广州市空气污染的区域特征,选取广州市越秀区、番禺区、从化区设置采样点,于2017年1—12月对3个区进行PM_2.5逐月连续采样,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定PM_2.5中5种主要金属元素铝（Al）、砷（As）、镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）、锰（Mn）的质量浓度。采用美国环境保护署推荐的健康风险评估模型评价其健康风险,以非致癌风险商（HQ）评价单种污染物的非致癌风险,并评价单种污染物的致癌健康风险,10^-6为可接受风险水平。结果广州市3个区PM_2.5浓度中位数分别为越秀区0.048 mg/m³、番禺区0.048 mg/m³、从化区0.040 mg/m³,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。5种重金属元素中,以Al元素浓度最高,分别为越秀区105.0 ng/m³、番禺区63.9 ng/m³、从化区78.6 ng/m³,Mn元素分别为越秀区32.2 ng/m^3,、番禺区24.2 ng/m³、从化区15.0 ng/m³,3个区比较差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.01）;As元素分别为越秀区6.57 ng/m^3,、番禺区5.85 ng/m³、从化区5.04 ng/m³,Cd元素分别为越秀区1.15 ng/m³、番禺区0.95 ng/m³、从化区0.91 ng/m³, Pb元素分别为越秀区33.0 ng/m³、番禺区28.0 ng/m³、从化区29.8 ng/m³,3个区比较差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。越秀区和番禺区PM_2.5中Mn元素的非致癌风险最高（HQ＞1.0），但仅对儿童存在健康风险，从化区PM2.5中的重金属元素无非致癌风险。3个区As和Cd的致癌风险值范围为3.7×10^-6～4.9×10^-5，高于可接受风险水平10^-6，具有潜在致癌风险。结论广州市城区大气PM_2.5污染程度相对较轻，但重金属污染不容忽视，多种重金属联合作用对儿童造成的非致癌健康风险应引起高度重视。

关键词: PM_2.5, 重金属, 风险评估

Abstract: Objective To understand the pollution level of water-soluble heavy metals in atmospheric PM_2.5 in different urban areas of Guangzhou in 2017 and assess health risks to the population. Methods According to the regional characteristics of air pollution in Guangzhou, sampling sites were set up in districts of Yuexiu, Panyu, and Conghua. PM_2.5 samples were collected monthly from January to December 2017. The mass of the main metals （Al, As, Cd, Pb, Mn） in PM_2.5 was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The health risk assessment model recommended by USEPA was used to evaluate the health risks, and the non-carcinogenic risk （hazard quotient, HQ） was used to evaluate the non-cancer risk of a single pollutant. The cancer risk of a single pollutant was evaluated, setting 10^-6 as an acceptable risk level. Results The median PM_2.5 concentrations in the three districts in Guangzhou were 0.048 mg/m³ in Yuexiu, 0.048 mg/m³ in Panyu, and 0.040 mg/m³ in Conghua（P>0.05）. The concentration of Al, which was the highest among the five heavy metal elements, was 105.0 ng/m³ in Yuexiu, 63.9 ng/m³ in Panyu, and 78.6 ng/m³ in Conghua （ P<0.01）.The concentration of Mn was 32.2 ng/m³ in Yuexiu, 24.2 ng/m³ in Panyu, and 15.0 ng/m³ in Conghua, respectively （P<0.01 for all）. The concentration of As was 6.57 ng/m³ in Yuexiu, 5.85 ng/m³ in Panyu, and 5.04 ng/m³ in Conghua. The concentration of Cd was 1.15 ng/m³ in Yuexiu, 0.95 ng/m³ in Panyu, and 0.91 ng/m³ in Conghua. The concentration of Pb was 33.0 ng/m³ in Yuexiu, 28.0 ng/m³ in Panyu, and 29.8 ng/m³ in Conghua. The differences of concentrations of As, Cd, and Pb among the three regions were not significant （P>0.05 for all）. The non-carcinogenic risk of Mn was the highest in Yuexiu and Panyu （HQ>1.0）, but it posed only health risks to children. There was no non-carcinogenic risk for heavy metals in PM_2.5 in Conghua. The carcinogenic risk values ??of As and Cd in three districts ranged from 3.7×10^-6 to 4.9×10^-5 which was higher than the acceptable risk level 10^-6and had potential risk. Conclusion PM_2.5 pollution in Guangzhou urban area was relatively light, but heavy metal pollution can not be ignored. The combined effects of heavy metals on children's non-carcinogenic health risks should be highly valued.

Key words: PM_2.5, Heavy metals, Health risk assessment

中图分类号:

R122.7

江思力, 李文学, 石同幸, 吕嘉韵, 冯文如, 刘鹏达, 步犁, 吴燕. 2017年广州市城区大气PM_2.5中水溶性重金属污染特征及健康风险评价[J]. 华南预防医学, 2019, 45(2): 107-114.

JIANG Si-li,LI Wen-xue,SHI Tong-xing,LV Jia-yun,FENG Wen-ru,LIU Peng-da, BU Li, WU Yan. Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of water⁃soluble heavy metals in PM2.5 in Guangzhou，2017[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 45(2): 107-114.

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2017年广州市城区大气PM_2.5中水溶性重金属污染特征及健康风险评价

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of water⁃soluble heavy metals in PM2.5 in Guangzhou，2017

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