关键词: 学校卫生, 人力资源, 组织和管理, 人员配备, 学生保健, 公平性

Abstract: Objective To understand the status of school health human resources allocation in disease control and prevention institutions at all levels and the establishment and staffing of school health departments in Shanxi Province, and to provide basic information for the construction of school health system, professional team construction, and work implementation of disease control and prevention institutions in Shanxi Province. Methods The survey was conducted on the setup of school health departments in disease control and prevention institutions at all levels and the information of personnel engaged in school health work, based on the questionnaire content of the "Notice on Carrying Out a Nationwide Survey on the Construction of School Health Work System and Capacity", which was issued by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the configuration and equity of school health human resources. Results In Shanxi, a survey was conducted on a total of 129 provincial, municipal, and county (district) level disease control and prevention centers, of which four had established independent school health departments, representing 3.1%. At the provincial level, no independent school health department was present; at the municipal level, one independent school health department was identified, accounting for 9.1% (1 out of 11); at the county (district) level, three independent school health departments were identified, accounting for 2.6% (3/117). Among the four disease control and prevention centers that had established independent school health departments, none had staff members in the provincial and municipal disease control and prevention centers, while 10 staff members were present in the county (district) disease control and prevention centers. The proportion of healthcare teachers among all school students was 0.24%, with full-time healthcare teachers at 0.03%, school doctors at 0.03%, and the number of full-time school doctors at 0.02%. Among the 6 955 schools surveyed, regular high schools had the highest proportion of health clinics, at 48.97%, followed by secondary vocational education schools (43.28%); the proportion of junior high schools setting up health rooms was the highest, at 45.95%, followed by ordinary primary schools (44.15%). There were 240 on-the-job personnel engaged in school health work, including four from provincial disease control and prevention centers, 20 from municipal disease control and prevention centers, and 216 from county (district) level personnel. Among these 240 individuals, females constituted the main group (62.5%), and the age range was predominantly between 45 and 54 years old (38.9%); clinical medicine comprised 27.5%, while public health comprised 25.4%; junior college and below made up the majority (61.3%), followed by undergraduate studies (35.4%); junior professional titles accounted for 27.9%. A statistically significant difference was observed in the educational background of school health workers across different administrative levels of disease control and prevention institutions (χ²=28.409, P<0.01). In 2020, the HRADi for all cities in Shanxi Province was<1; when comparing HRADi and PADi among cities, Taiyuan and Yangquan were found to be relatively better than other cities. The difference between HRADi and PADi was less than 0 for all comparisons. Conclusions In 2020, the allocation structure of school health human resources in Shanxi Province is insufficient. Among disease control and prevention institutions at all levels, the proportion of school health departments set up independently is low, there is a shortage of school health workers, and the educational level is low, especially in county (district) level control and prevention institutions. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of school health work system in disease control and prevention institutions in Shanxi Province.

Key words: School health, Human resources, Organization and management, Personnel allocation, Student healthcare, Fairness