内江市城乡老年人跌倒流行病特征及影响因素分析

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2026.0128

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解内江市城乡老年人跌倒流行特征和影响因素,为预防老年人跌倒提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取内江市城市和农村社区60岁及以上老年人为研究对象,开展跌倒流行病学调查。对跌倒相关影响因素进行单因素分析和多因素logistic回归分析。结果共纳入内江市60岁及以上老年人1 009人,其中男性503人,女性506人,平均年龄（73.12±7.67）岁,城市社区505人,农村504人。过去1年有263名老人发生过351人次的跌倒,跌倒发生率为26.07%;农村老年人跌倒发生率（29.76%）高于城市（22.37%）（P<0.01）。多因素logistic分析结果显示,女性（OR=1.649）、服用慢性病药物（OR=2.813）是城市社区老年人跌倒的影响因素,女性（OR=1.548）、小学以下文化程度（OR=1.992）、睡眠时长<6 h（OR=2.105）、服用慢性病药物（OR=2.458）是农村老年人跌倒的影响因素。结论内江市城乡老年人跌倒发生率较高。较之城市社区,农村社区老年人发生跌倒的影响因素更多。需重点关注农村老年群体、老年女性和罹患慢病的老年群体,应加强健康教育和防跌倒训练,积极治疗慢病,指导合理用药,促进良好睡眠习惯的养成等方面综合施策,降低老年人跌倒的风险。

关键词: 城乡, 老年人, 跌倒, 流行特征, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of falls among the elderly in the urban and rural areas of Neijiang, so as to provide a scientific basis for fall prevention strategies. Methods A multi-stage, stratified, cluster random sampling method was employed to select individuals aged 60 years and older from urban and rural communities in Neijiang as study participants for an epidemiological survey on falls. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the associated risk factors for falls. Results A total of 1 009 elderly individuals aged 60 and above were included in the study, comprising 503 males and 506 females, with a mean age of 73.12±7.67 years. The sample consisted of 505 participants from urban communities and 504 from rural areas. Over the preceding year, 263 individuals experienced a total of 351 fall events, yielding a fall incidence rate of 26.07%. The incidence of falls was significantly higher in rural areas (29.76%) compared to urban communities (22.37%) (P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that female gender (OR=1.649) and the use of medication for chronic diseases (OR=2.813) were significant risk factors for falls among the urban elderly population. In the rural cohort, significant predictors of falls included female gender (OR=1.548), education level below primary school (OR=1.992), sleep duration of less than 6 hours (OR=2.105), and the use of medication for chronic diseases (OR=2.458). Conclusion The incidence of falls among the elderly in urban and rural Neijiang is considerable. The risk factors for falls are more numerous among the rural elderly population when compared to their urban counterparts. It is imperative to direct particular attention towards the rural elderly, elderly women, and individuals afflicted with chronic conditions. Comprehensive intervention strategies should be implemented, focusing on enhancing health education and fall prevention training, actively managing chronic diseases, providing guidance on rational drug use, and fostering the development of healthy sleep habits to mitigate the risk of falls in the elderly population.

Key words: Urban-rural, Elderly, Falls, Epidemiological characteristics, Influencing factors

中图分类号:

R195

王婉薇, 周思韩. 内江市城乡老年人跌倒流行病特征及影响因素分析[J]. 华南预防医学, 2026, 52(2): 128-132.

Wang Wanwei, Zhou Sihan. Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of falls among elderly people in urban and rural areas of Neijiang[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2026, 52(2): 128-132.

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