华南区域自然人群社会经济地位与常见慢性病关联研究

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2026.0621

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探讨华南区域自然人群的社会经济地位（socioeconomic status,SES）与常见慢性病患病风险之间的关联,为该地区慢性病的防控提供参考依据。方法基于华南区域自然人群慢性病前瞻性队列的基线数据,采用主成分分析法构建综合SES评分（包含教育水平、职业类型和收入情况）,并将其分为高/低2类。采用Poisson回归分析SES与各类慢性病患病情况的关联,并通过分层分析检验性别、年龄、BMI、吸烟和饮酒对上述关系的影响。结果共纳入87 292名25~89岁成年人,其中男性34 029人（39.0%）。在高血压、糖尿病、冠心病和中风4种常见慢性病中,至少患有其中1种者共22 124例,患病率为25.34%。校正混杂因素后,SES与整合常见慢性病、高血压、糖尿病及冠心病均无显著关联（均P>0.05）,仅与中风呈显著负相关（RR=0.84,95% CI：0.76~0.93）。分层分析显示,SES与各慢性病之间的关联在不同性别、年龄、BMI、吸烟和饮酒分层中存在异质性修饰效应。结论在华南区域成年人中,SES与大多数常见慢性病无显著关联,仅与中风呈负相关。不同分层人群中SES与慢性病的关联呈现异质性,提示慢性病防控需关注特定人群的生命阶段与行为特征。

关键词: 社会经济地位, 华南自然人群, 慢性病

Abstract: Objective This study aimed to investigate the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and the risk of prevalent chronic diseases among a natural population cohort in Southern China, with the objective of providing evidence-based recommendations for the prevention and control of chronic diseases in this region. Methods Utilizing baseline data from a prospective cohort study on chronic diseases in a natural population of Southern China, a composite SES score was constructed using principal component analysis, incorporating educational attainment, occupational classification, and household income. Participants were subsequently categorized into high and low SES groups based on this score. Poisson regression analysis was employed to examine the association between SES and the prevalence of various chronic diseases. Furthermore, stratified analyses were conducted to test for potential effect modification by gender, age, Body Mass Index (BMI), smoking status, and alcohol consumption. Results A total of 87 292 adults aged 25-89 years were included in the analysis, of whom 34 029 (39.0%) were male. The overall prevalence of having at least one of four common chronic diseases (hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke) was 25.34%, accounting for 22 124 cases. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, no significant association was observed between SES and the composite prevalence of common chronic diseases, hypertension, diabetes, or coronary heart disease (all P>0.05). However, a significant inverse association was identified between SES and the prevalence of stroke (RR=0.84, 95% CI: 0.76-0.93). Stratified analyses revealed heterogeneous effect modification in the association between SES and various chronic diseases across different strata of gender, age, BMI, smoking status, and alcohol consumption. Conclusion Among adults in Southern China, socioeconomic status was not significantly associated with the prevalence of most common chronic diseases, with the exception of stroke, for which an inverse relationship was observed. The heterogeneity of the association between SES and chronic diseases across different subpopulations suggests that prevention and control strategies for chronic diseases should be tailored to the specific life-stage and behavioral characteristics of targeted groups.

Key words: Socioeconomic status, Population of South China, Chronic diseases

中图分类号:

R195.4

张嘉羽, 叶炳琪, 杨淑筠, 王永, 周小涛, 周熙瑞, 雷泽恺, 熊田甜, 柳雁. 华南区域自然人群社会经济地位与常见慢性病关联研究[J]. 华南预防医学, 2026, 52(6): 621-627.

Zhang Jiayu, Ye Bingqi, Yang Shujun, Wang Yong, Zhou Xiaotao, Zhou Xirui, Lei Zekai, Xiong Tiantian, Liu Yan. Association of socioeconomic status with common chronic diseases in the general population of Southern China[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2026, 52(6): 621-627.

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