关键词: 肺结节, 职业暴露, 影响因素, 吸烟, 个人防护装备, 健康体检

Abstract: Objective To investigate the detection rate of pulmonary nodules and its associated factors among populations with industrial occupational exposure undergoing routine health examinations in Jingmen City. Methods Individuals with a history of industrial occupational exposure who presented for health examinations at Jingmen Central Hospital between February and December 2025 were enrolled as the study cohort. The detection rate of pulmonary nodules was determined, and the variables associated with their incidence were systematically analyzed. Results A total of 1 318 participants were included in the study, yielding a pulmonary nodule detection rate of 20.26% (267/1 318). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that, utilizing a smoking index of >400 cigarettes/year as the reference category, the odds ratios (ORs) for the lower exposure cohorts ranged from 0.501 to 0.582, indicating a positive correlation between an elevated smoking index and the detection of pulmonary nodules. Similarly, utilizing an industrial occupational exposure duration of >10 years as the reference, the ORs for the shorter exposure duration cohorts ranged from 0.311 to 0.689, demonstrating a positive correlation between the duration of exposure and nodule detection. Furthermore, the absence of regular physical activity (OR=2.281), the non-compliant utilization of personal protective equipment (OR=2.024) and a prior history of chronic pulmonary disease (OR=1.917) were also positively correlated with the detection rate of pulmonary nodules (all P<0.05). Conclusion The smoking index, duration of industrial occupational exposure, and a history of chronic pulmonary disease exhibit a positive association with the detection rate of pulmonary nodules. Conversely, regular physical exercise and the standardized utilization of personal protective equipment are negatively associated with the detection rate. Consequently, enhanced pulmonary health surveillance and targeted behavioral interventions are highly warranted for occupationally exposed cohorts.

Key words: Pulmonary nodule, Occupational exposure, Associated factors, Smoking, Personal protective equipment, Health examination