Abstract: Objective To study the status and influencing factors of anemia among children aged 3-12 years in Xuchang City, Henan Province, so as to provide reference for reducing the incidence of anemia and improving the health level of children aged 3-12 years in this area. Methods From June 2020 to March 2021, children aged 3-12 years with household registration in Xuchang City who received health examination in a hospital in Xuchang City were selected as the research subjects to collect their physical examination and hemoglobin detection data, and the parents of the children were given a questionnaire to collect the basic information of the children and diet-related information. Descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the occurrence of anemia among children in this area, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of anemia. Results A total of 8 406 children aged 3-12 years were included in this study, 1 109 children with anemia were detected, and the detection rate was 13.19%. Mild anemia accounted for the highest proportion, accounting for 66.54%, followed by moderate and severe anemia, accounting for 27.48% and 6.97% respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age （OR=0.694）, body mass index （thin OR=2.106）, history of anemia （OR=2.986）, premature infants （OR=1.711）, partial eclipse/picky eater （OR=2.208）, physical exercise （OR=0.879）, education level of the main caregiver （OR=0.751）, and anemia cognition of the main caregiver （OR=0.581） were the influencing factors of anemia in children aged 3-12 years in Xuchang City, Henan Province. Conclusion The anemia status of children aged 3-12 years in Xuchang City, Henan Province is affected by many factors, attention should be paid to high-risk groups of children, and targeted prevention and dietary guidance should be strengthened to help them establish good living habits and improve nutritional status, so as to reduce the incidence of anemia and improve the health level of children.

Key words: Anemia, Children, Hemoglobin, Influencing factor