Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and pathogen distribution of community-acquired pneumonia in children in Zhuozhou City, Hebei Province, and provide reference materials for the prevention and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children in this area. Methods The cases of children with community-acquired pneumonia admitted to a hospital in Zhuozhou from July 2018 to June 2020 were collected as the research object. The basic data of the children were collected and pathogenic bacteria were detected to analyze the drug resistance of common bacteria. Results A total of 829 cases of children’s community-acquired pneumonia in Zhuozhou City were analyzed. The male-to-female ratio in the cases was 1.03∶1. Infants, preschool and school-age children accounted for 48.9%, 35.8% and 15.3%, respectively, and the main seasons were autumn and winter, accounting for 27.9% and 36.4%, respectively. 523 cases of pathogenic bacteria were detected positive, and the detection rate was 63.1%. The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in community-acquired pneumonia cases of children between different ages and different seasons was statistically significant （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Among them, the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in infants and autumn and winter was higher. Three hundred and twenty-six strains of sputum culture bacteria were detected, of which 228 strains were Gram-negative bacteria （69.9%）, mainly Escherichia coli; 98 strains of Gram-positive bacteria （30.1%）, mainly Streptococcus pneumoniae. Serum antibodies were detected in 53 cases of Mycoplasma with a positive rate of 6.4%, and 64 cases with Chlamydia were positive with a positive rate of 7.7%. Throat swabs detected 49 cases of respiratory syncytial virus infection, with a positive rate of 5.9%, and 31 cases of influenza virus with a positive rate of 3.7%. The main Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae had the highest resistance rates to ampicillin （59.5%） and cefazolin （50.6%）, and were sensitive to imipenem, cefepime, etc.; The main Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus had the highest resistance rates to penicillin （97.2%, 85.2%） and erythromycin （86.1%, 70.4%）, and were sensitive to vancomycin and amikacin. Conclusion Children’s community-acquired pneumonia in Zhuozhou City, Hebei Province has a high incidence of infants and young children, and a high detection rate of pathogens, antibacterial drugs should be selected reasonably according to the distribution characteristics of pathogens in children and the results of drug susceptibility tests to improve the treatment effect while preventing and delaying the drug-resistant generation of bacteria.

Key words: Community-acquired pneumonia, Children, Epidemiological characteristic, Pathogen, Drug resistance