Abstract: Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of scoliosis among primary and secondary school students aged 7-15 years in Henan Province, aiming to provide a valuable reference for regional authorities in formulating effective strategies for scoliosis prevention and control among this specific population. Methods The stratified cluster sampling method was used to select primary and secondary school students aged 7-15 years in Henan Province for this study. The scoliosis screening was carried out and the questionnaire was filled out. The univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of scoliosis among primary and secondary school students. Results A total of 27 926 primary and secondary school students were surveyed, comprising 14 784 boys and 13 142 girls. A total of 1 067 cases of scoliosis were identified, resulting in a detection rate of 3.82%. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that girls （OR=1.853）, aged 10-12 years （OR=1.808） and 13-15 years （OR=2.136）, parents with a history of scoliosis （OR=1.536）, dystrophy （OR=1.413）, back single shoulder bag （OR= 1.806）, heavy or very heavy bag burden （OR=1.390）, daily physical exercise < 1 hour （OR=1.868）, daily sitting time≥10 hours （OR=1.608）, and physical exercise mainly unilateral strength （OR=1.670） were risk factors for scoliosis among primary and secondary school students. Conclusions The prevalence of scoliosis among primary and secondary school students aged 7-15 years in Henan Province is significantly high. It is imperative for education and health authorities to prioritize this issue by conducting regular scoliosis screenings and enhancing the dissemination of comprehensive knowledge on scoliosis-related health aspects.

Key words: Students, Scoliosis, Epidemiology, Influencing factor