Objective To explore the influencing factors of early poor prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke （AIS） and further construct a risk prediction model. Methods AIS patients admitted to a tertiary general hospital in Enshi from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected for this study. After 6 months of admission, the patients were followed up and evaluated for early poor prognosis based on the modified Rankin scale （mRS） score. Based on the follow-up results, they were divided into a good prognosis group and a poor prognosis group. The case characteristics of the two groups were compared and the influencing factors for early poor prognosis were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression, and the risk prediction model was constructed and ROC curve was drawn to verify and evaluate the model. Results The results included a total of 836 AIS patients, 515 males and 321 females, aged 42-89 years, with an average age of （65.37±11.96） years. Stroke location： 227 cases of internal carotid artery, 301 cases of middle cerebral artery, 263 cases of posterior cerebral artery and others. Among them, 279 AIS patients had poor prognosis during a short-term follow-up of 6 months after admission, with a poor prognosis rate of 33.37%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age （OR=1.234）, atrial fibrillation （OR=2.992）, admission NIHSS score （OR=1.906）, NLR （OR=1.770）, D-dimer （OR=1.614）, and UA （OR=0.834） were independent influencing factors for poor prognosis in AIS patients. The area under the ROC curve （AUC） was 0.817 （95% CI： 0.739-0.934）. When the cut off value was 0.469, the accuracy of the model was 85.19%, sensitivity was 81.43%, and specificity was 76.13%. Conclusion The risk prediction model constructed based on age, atrial fibrillation, admission NIHSS score, NLR, D-dimer, and UA has good predictive efficacy for early poor prognosis in AIS patients, and the model is stable and well fitted.

Objective To investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice （KAP） regarding medication among residents in Ningde City, and analyze the relevant factors that affect the risk of medication safety behavior among residents. Methods The convenience sampling method was employed to carry out a KAP questionnaire survey on medication safety behavior risks among residents in Ningde City during June 2021. Descriptive analysis was utilized to examine the medication-related KAP of residents, while exploring the interrelationship between knowledge, attitude, and practice. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to investigate the influencing factors affecting knowledge, attitude, and practice. Results Among the 768 participants, there were 289 males （37.63%） and 479 females （62.37%）, aged 19-78 years. The mean medication knowledge score was （74.49 ± 21.72）, with an excellent rating of 203 individuals （26.43%） and a good rating of 323 individuals （42.06%）. The average attitude score was （32.56 ± 5.58）, with an excellent rating for only 36 participants （4.69%） and a good rating for 241 participants （31.38%）. As for medication behavior, the average score was found to be （63.29 ±11.73）, with an excellent rating received by187 individuals （24.35%） and a good rating by 373 individuals （48.57%）. The results of the multivariate analysis revealed that several independent factors significantly influenced medication knowledge, including gender （β’=-0.073）, age （β’=0.092）, place of residence （β’=0.074）, education level （β’=-0.121）, medical security situation such as commercial insurance, self-funded medical care, and others （β’=0.164, 0.118, 0.127 respectively）, occupational status as a freelancer （β’=0.166）, and work status as retired or none/unemployed individuals （β’=0.140, 0.163 respectively）. Furthermore, various independent factors were found to influence medication attitudes including medical security through commercial insurance coverage （β’=0.150）, occupational status as a teacher （β’=0.105）, and medication knowledge levels （β’=0.729）. Moreover, the study identified several independent factors affecting medication practices including gender （β’= -0.141）, medical security situation such as commercial insurance, self-funded medical care, and others （β’=0.222, 0.132, 0.130 respectively）, occupational status as a freelancer （β’=0.099）, work status as retired （β’=0.111）, medication knowledge levels （β’=1.572）, and medication attitudes （β’=1.983）. Conclusions The KAP regarding medication safety behaviors among residents in Ningde City demonstrates an overall positive trend. However, it is crucial to prioritize the medication safety risks among the elderly population and individuals with limited education or unstable employment, and the medication education for residents needs to be further strengthened.

Objective To explore the characteristics and influencing factors of polypoid lesion of gallbladder （PLG） in adult residents of Dongying City. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select adult residents in Dongying City for questionnaire survey, physical examination, abdominal ultrasound examination, and blood biochemical index testing. Descriptive analysis was conducted on the condition and characteristics of PLG in this population, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of PLG. Results A total of 10 865 people underwent physical examinations, including 5 562 males （51.19%） and 5 303 females （48.81%）, aged 28-74 years. A total of 896 cases of PLG were identified, with a detection rate of 8.25%. The diameter of polyps in PLG patients was 1.9-35.0 mm, with <5 mm （56.92%）, 5-10 mm （39.96%）, and ≥ 10 mm （3.13%）. The thickness of the gallbladder wall was 0.2-2.1 cm, with an average of （0.31±0.07） cm. There were 564 cases （62.95%） of single polyps and 332 cases （37.05%） of multiple polyps. Chronic cholecystitis was present in 269 cases （30.02 %）, while 178 cases （19.87%） had calculi. The proportion of blood flow signals in polyps was 43.19%. Among them, 367 cases （40.96%） received surgical treatment, and the pathological results confirmed that 324 cases （88.28%） were non tumor polyps, including 290 cases of cholesterol polyps; there were 43 cases （11.72%） of tumor polyps, all of which were gallbladder adenomas. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of PLG was higher in individuals with male （OR=1.745）, age≥40 years （OR=2.442）, HBsAg positive （OR=1.519）, hyperlipidemia （OR=1.429）, and hyperuricemia （OR=1.896）. Conclusions The prevalence of PLG in Dongying population is at a high level. Age, gender, hepatitis B surface antigen, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia are the influencing factors for PLG.

Objective To investigate the occurrence of wound infection and the characteristics of pathogenic bacteria in burn patients, and analyze the relevant factors affecting wound infection. Methods The hospitalized burn patients admitted to two Grade A hospitals in Wuhan from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected as the subjects. Automatic microbial analysis was used to detect pathogenic bacteria in patients with wound infection, the self-made information collection form was used to collect basic information, burn condition, combined chronic diseases, and treatment of burn patients. The descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the wound infection of burn patients, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of wound infection. Results In this study, a total of 1 532 burn patients were collected, and 287 cases developed wound infection, with an infection rate of 18.73%. A total of 369 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected in 287 infected patients, including 248 strains of Gram-negative bacteria （67.21%）, the top three strains were Pseudomonas aeruginosa （89 strains, 24.12%）, Acinetobacter baumannii （50 strains, 13.55%）, and Klebsiella pneumoniae （32 strains, 8.67%）; There were 121 strains of Gram-positive bacteria （32.79%）, the top three strains were Staphylococcus aureus （53 strains, 14.36%）, Staphylococcus epidermidis （43 strains, 11.65%）, and Enterococcus faecalis （9 strains, 2.44%）. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the burn area （10%-30% OR=1.932, 31%-49% OR=4.352, ≥50% OR=9.655）, burn depth （depth Ⅱ degree OR=2.048, Ⅲ degree OR=4.170）, inhalation injury （OR=2.542）, early shock （OR=4.593）, diabetes mellitus （OR=7.708）, ≥3 kinds of antibiotics were used （OR=4.705）, length of stay （15-29 days OR=9.289, ≥30 days OR=9.787）, stay in ICU （OR=2.770） were the influencing factors of wound infection in burn patients. Conclusions The wound infection of burn patients is closely related to the burn area, burn depth, and other factors, and the pathogenic bacteria are mainly Gram-negative bacteria. Targeted measures should be taken during hospitalization to reduce the risk of infection and prevent wound infection.

Objective To investigate the status of Helicobacter pylori infection among residents in Xi’an and analyze the correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and residents’ lifestyle. Methods A multi-stage sampling method was used to select community residents in Xi’an from January to December 2022 for a questionnaire survey and a ¹⁴C urea breath test to evaluate the status of Helicobacter pylori infection. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the status of Helicobacter pylori infection among residents, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and lifestyle in this population. Results A total of 1 089 residents were included for analysis, and the infection rate of Helicobacter pylori was 43.62% （475/1 089）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that older age （OR=1.340）, overweight or obese （BMI≥24.0 kg/m²） （OR=1.146）, lower education level （OR=0.453）, predominantly mental labor （OR=1.745）, smoking （OR=1.245）, alcohol consumption （OR=2.203）, daily breakfast （OR=0.378）, irregular meals （OR=4.595）, and frequent consumption of milk or yogurt （OR=4.035） were independent factors affecting Helicobacter pylori infection. Conclusion The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among residents in Xi’an is relatively high, and it is closely related to lifestyle factors such as smoking, drinking, and dietary habits.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of scoliosis among primary and secondary school students aged 7-15 years in Henan Province, aiming to provide a valuable reference for regional authorities in formulating effective strategies for scoliosis prevention and control among this specific population. Methods The stratified cluster sampling method was used to select primary and secondary school students aged 7-15 years in Henan Province for this study. The scoliosis screening was carried out and the questionnaire was filled out. The univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of scoliosis among primary and secondary school students. Results A total of 27 926 primary and secondary school students were surveyed, comprising 14 784 boys and 13 142 girls. A total of 1 067 cases of scoliosis were identified, resulting in a detection rate of 3.82%. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that girls （OR=1.853）, aged 10-12 years （OR=1.808） and 13-15 years （OR=2.136）, parents with a history of scoliosis （OR=1.536）, dystrophy （OR=1.413）, back single shoulder bag （OR= 1.806）, heavy or very heavy bag burden （OR=1.390）, daily physical exercise < 1 hour （OR=1.868）, daily sitting time≥10 hours （OR=1.608）, and physical exercise mainly unilateral strength （OR=1.670） were risk factors for scoliosis among primary and secondary school students. Conclusions The prevalence of scoliosis among primary and secondary school students aged 7-15 years in Henan Province is significantly high. It is imperative for education and health authorities to prioritize this issue by conducting regular scoliosis screenings and enhancing the dissemination of comprehensive knowledge on scoliosis-related health aspects.

Objective To gain insights into the status of HIV self-testing among men who have sex with men （MSM） in Tongchuan City and analyze the associated factors influencing HIV self-testing in this population, aiming to provide a scientific foundation for promoting HIV self-testing among MSM. Methods A cross-sectional survey on HIV self-testing among MSM in Tongchuan City was conducted from March to May 2023 using a ‘snowball’ approach. The survey analysis included general demographic characteristics, high-risk behaviors, and HIV testing practices. Results A total of 447 valid questionnaires were collected, with 264 individuals reporting HIV self-test experience. Among them, 81.8%（216 individuals） purchased self-test reagents through online platforms. Salivary （urine） and blood test reagents were used by 134 （50.8%） and 83 （31.4%） participants, respectively, while a combination of both was utilized by 47 individuals （17.7%）. Out of the remaining 183 respondents who had not undergone HIV self-testing, 102 （55.7%） thought that the results of HIV self-testing were unreliable, and 53 （29.0%） had not considered self-testing. The median age of MSM was 33 （27, 43） years, 105 individuals （23.5%） were in the age ≥40 group, and 304 individuals （68.0%） were unmarried. Approximately 62.0% （277/447） of MSM perceived themselves to be at risk for HIV infection, 72.5% （324/447） had unprotected anal sex within 6 months, and 245 individuals were habitually tested for HIV, which accounted for 54.8%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the age ≥40 years （OR=0.467） and married （OR=0.435） were deterrents to HIV self-testing among MSM. Self-perceived risk of HIV infection （OR=2.069）, unprotected anal sex within 6 months （OR=1.633）, and habitual HIV testing （OR=1.837） were the facilitators of HIV self-testing among MSM. Conclusions The HIV self-testing rate among MSM in Tongchuan City is relatively low, indicating significant room for improvement in the implementation of HIV self-testing initiatives. Therefore, it is imperative to actively promote HIV self-testing among MSM to effectively enhance the identification of individuals infected with HIV.

Objective To understand the willingness and influencing factors of HIV testing among secondary vocational school students in Guangzhou, and to provide a basis for targeted measures to improve their HIV testing awareness and action ability. Methods In October 2020, a stratified cluster sampling method was used to select students from four secondary vocational schools in Guangzhou, and an on-site questionnaire survey was conducted on their willingness to undergo HIV testing and its influencing factors. The Chi-square test was used for univariate analysis, and unconditional binary logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Results The average age of 1 864 secondary vocational school students participating in the survey was （16.27 ± 1.20） years old, and the male to female ratio was 1∶2.43. The awareness rate of AIDS prevention and control knowledge was 52.90% （986/1 864）. The incidence of reported sexual behavior was 5.63% （105/1 864）. The HIV testing rate of students who had sex was 14.29% （15/105）, and 73.28% （1 366） were willing to get HIV testing after risky sex. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the place of origin of students （OR=0.661）, AIDS awareness （OR=0.445）, correct sexual attitudes and behaviors （OR=1.591）, whether they have heard of HIV testing （OR=0.446）, and whether they have received publicity and education on AIDS prevention and control （OR=0.538, 0.648） were the main factors affecting the willingness of secondary vocational school students to HIV testing. Conclusions Secondary vocational school students in Guangzhou have a higher willingness to undergo HIV testing, but students who engage in sexual activity have a lower testing rate. Rural students have a lower willingness to undergo testing. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen education on students' correct sexual attitudes and testing related knowledge and policies, and to invest educational resources in rural areas in a more favorable manner.

Objective To understand the status and characteristics of finding sexual partners through internet among secondary vocational school studens in Guangzhou, and explore the influencing factors, so as to provide new ideas for formulating and adjusting the prevention and control measures of sexual health education in secondary vocational schools. Methods In October 2020, the stratified cluster sampling method was used to select students from four secondary vocational schools in Guangzhou to carry out cross-sectional investigation on the status and influencing factors of finding sexual partners through the internet. Univariate analysis was carried out by Chi-square test, and multivariate analysis was carried out by unconditional binary logistic regression. Results The average age of 1 864 students was （16.27±1.20） years old, the awareness rate of AIDS prevention and treatment was 52.90% （986/1 864）, and the incidence of sexual behavior was 5.63% （105/1 864）. There were 8.53% （159/1 864） of the students had tried to find sexual partners through various network channels such as social software/websites/online games, with an average age of （16.35±1.20） years. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male （OR=1.477）, homosexual （OR=3.525）, accepted “one-night stands” or “booty calls” on the internet （OR=2.432）, had strong sexual needs （OR=1.722）, had browsed pornographic information on the internet （OR=2.097）, be like very much （OR=2.289） and like （OR=2.617） to communicate with people on the internet or mobile phone were the risk factors and be aware of HIV/AIDS knowledge （OR=0.522） was the safe factor for students to find sexual partners on internet. Conclusions A certain proportion of students in secondary vocational schools in Guangzhou have tried to find sexual partners through the internet, suggesting that schools should carry out online sexual health publicity and education through new media while implementing national policies and work requirements on sexual health education, and prevent online sexual activities to improve students' ability to identify STD/AIDS infection risk and self-protection.

Objective To explore the impact of forum theatre on sexual health and HIV/AIDS prevention education among young students. Methods Three forum theatre events held in April 2023 were selected for a questionnaire survey targeting student audiences. The survey analyzed students’ knowledge and awareness of HIV/AIDS before and after the interventions, as well as their satisfaction with the events. Results A total of 516 participants attended the three events, and 460 valid questionnaires were collected both before and after the activities, resulting in a response rate of 89.15%. The median age was 19 years （ranging from 18 to 20）. Among the respondents, 39.3% （181 individuals） were male, and 60.7% （279 individuals） were female. After attending the forum theatre, students’ knowledge of HIV/AIDS significantly improved, with increased awareness rates for all questions compared to before the intervention （all P<0.01）. The awareness rate of the “National Eight Articles” increased from 77.4% before the intervention to 93.0% （P<0.01）. In terms of risk perception, students’ views on their risk of HIV infection changed significantly （P<0.01））, becoming more conservative in selecting sexual partners （P<0.01） and more cautious in engaging in sexual activities with partners of unknown HIV status （P<0.01）. Overall, 93.5% of students expressed preference with the “Knowledge-driven HIV Prevention” forum theatre, acknowledging that it increased their willingness to undergo testing （96.5%）, enhanced their awareness of preventive measures （96.1%）, improved their knowledge of sexual health and HIV/AIDS （95.0%）, increased acceptance of post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV （95.0%）, and encouraged more thoughtful sexual decision-making （94.8%）. Conclusions Forum theatre can effectively increase young students’ knowledge and awareness of sexual health and HIV/AIDS, and enhance their risk perception.Young students show high overall satisfaction with forum theatre, indicating its potential for strengthening HIV/AIDS prevention interventions among young students.

Objective To analyze the correlation between condom use in the first sexual behavior and the occurrence of sexual behavior and condom use in the past year among students in technical and vocational schools, and to provide reference for targeted sexual health education and HIV/AIDS prevention and control measures. Methods Based on the survey of HIV/AIDS knowledge, behavior and self-testing service needs of young students in Guangdong Province in 2022, an anonymous survey was conducted among students from 10 technical and vocational schools in Guangdong Province. The information about condom use in the first sexual behavior and sexual behavior in the past year was collected. Univariate and multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the situation of condom use in the first sexual behavior and the dependent variables. Results A total of 2 173 students who had sexual experience were included in this study. Among them, 1 573 （72.4%） students used condoms at their first sexual intercourse. A total of 1 895 （87.2%） students had penetrative sex in the past year, and the rate of condom use was 69.9% （1 325/1 895）. After adjusting for demographic factors, multivariate analysis showed that students who used a condom for the first sexual behavior were less likely to use substance abuse （OR=0.23）, and were more likely to engage in sexual activity in the past year （OR=1.72） and engage in sexual activity with a regular partner （OR=1.72）. And, they were more likely to use condoms every time they had sex （OR=10.10）, with a regular partner （OR=12.06）, with a casual partner （OR=8.95）, and with a commercial partner （OR=8.76） in the past year. Conclusions The rate of condom use in the first sexual behavior among technical and vocational school students in Guangdong Province is higher than that of the young students in the whole country, but still lower than that of school students in our province. Good first sexual behavior habits can promote students to choose regular sexual partners and adopt safety measures. Technical and vocational schools need to provide higher quality sexual health education to protect students’ sexual health.

Objective To understand the usage of condoms and related factors among young students engaging in non-regular sexual partner behaviors in Guangdong Province. Methods The research was conducted in 16 universities, technical schools, and vocational colleges in Guangdong Province. The convenient sampling method of non-probability sampling was used to collect information from young students, and their adherence to condom usage during non-regular sexual partner behaviors and related factors were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 1 013 young students engaging in non-regular sexual partner behaviors were surveyed, of them 44.42% （450/1 013） were 16 to 19 years old, 74.73% （757/1 013） were males, 56.76% （575/1 013） reported consistent condom usage during non-regular sexual partner behaviors. The differences in condom usage during non-regular sexual partner behaviors were statistically significant across different genders, school types, average monthly living expenses, only child status, living arrangements on campus, self-reported sexual orientation, stages of AIDS-related health education, AIDS awareness, age of first sexual encounter, use of psychoactive substances during sexual activity in the past year, engaging in regular sexual behaviors and condom usage during such behaviors in the past year （P < 0.05 or P < 0.01）. logistic regression analysis revealed that being an only child （OR=0.623）, use of psychoactive substances during sexual activity in the past year （OR=0.350）, and failure to consistently use condoms during regular sexual partner behaviors in the past year （OR=0.159） were associated with a lower likelihood of using condoms during non-regular sexual partner behaviors; consistently use condoms during regular sexual partner behaviors in the past year （OR=6.845） was associated with a higher likelihood of using condoms during non-regular sexual partner behaviors. Conclusions The proportion of condom usage in non-regular sexual partner behaviors remains low among young students in Guangdong Province. Attention should be paid to only children, those who have used psychoactive substances during sexual activity in the past year, and those engaging in regular sexual partner behaviors but not consistently using condoms. Targeted measures such as propaganda and intervention should be strengthened to enhance their risk awareness and reduce unsafe sexual behavior.

Objective To analyze the willingness and influencing factors of taking post-exposure prophylaxis （PEP） among young students in Guangzhou. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among five universities in Guangzhou from September to November 2021. Using PEP as predictive variable, logistic regression model, Decision Tree algorithm model, as well as Random Forest algorithm model were constructed respectively. ROSE algorithm was used to handle data imbalance problems. Evaluated the predictive performance of the three models through AUC （area under ROC curve） and confusion matrix. Results A total of 7 346 valid questionnaires were collected, during which 67.63% reported ever heard of PEP, 92.49% reported willing to take PEP and 7.51% reported unwilling. Based on the results of the three models, the willingness to take PEP was affected by individual factors （gender, age）, school factors （school type, major）, HIV-related factors （HIV knowledge, testing knowledge, attitude of testing, acceptance period of HIV education, sexual behavior）, and economic conditions etc. The predictive performance AUC （95% CI） for logistic regression, Decision Tree, and Random Forest model were 0.77 （0.75-0.79）, 0.74（0.72-0.76）, and 0.90 （0.89-0.92）, respectively, among which Random Forest algorithm model showed the best prediction than the other two models. Conclusions Knowledge of PEP among young students in Guangzhou still need to be strengthened. The willingness to take PEP is mainly affected by PEP knowledge, individual factors, school factors, HIV-related factors, economic conditions and so on. The Random Forest algorithm model is suitable for predicting the willingness to take PEP among young students.