Objective To compare the predictive value of different obesity indicators for hypertension in different gender and age. Methods The study was based on the community health survey in 2018 in Longhua District, Shenzhen. After standardized transformation of five obesity indicators, including body mass index （BMI）, waist circumference （WC）, waist height ratio （WHtR）, waist-to-hip ratio （WHR） and body obesity index （BAI）, the correlation between the obesity indicators and hypertension was compared according to the OR values obtained from the Logistic regression analysis. The predictive value of each obesity indicator for hypertension was estimated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve （ROC）. Furthermore, the ability of each obesity indicatorin predicting hypertension wascomprehensively evaluated. Results After adjusting for confounding factors, WC and WHtR were more strongly associated with hypertension in both genders than other obesity indicators. The predictive power of WHtR for hypertension in male and female were stronger than other obesity indicators,the AUC and 95% CI were 0.694 （0.659-0.728） and 0.763 （0.732-0.794）,the cut-off values were 0.51 and 0.50, respectively. Female had higher AUC of hypertension than men, and each obesity indicator had higher predictive value for female hypertension. After stratified by age in both genders, the predictive value of obesity indicators except WHR in the young male group （18-44 years old） was higher than that in the middle-aged group （45-59 years old） and the elderly group （60-80 years old）. In female, the predictive value of obesity indicators for hypertension decreased with age, followed by young group > middle-aged group >elderly group. Conclusion After considering both gender and age, the predictive power of WHtR in central obesity index for hypertension is better than WC, BMI, WHR and BAI.

Objective To study the distribution characteristics of ABO blood group and Rh blood group in voluntary blood donors in Ji’nan area, and to analyze their ABO and Rh antigen phenotypes and gene frequencies, whether they conform to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law or not. Methods ABO blood group and Rh blood group were detected in 282 413 blood donation samples collected from Shandong Blood Center by blood group serological method, and Chi-square test was carried out by blood group population genetics research method. Results From 2015 to 2017, the ABO phenotypic distribution of 282 413 voluntary blood donors was B>O>A>AB, ABO gene frequency was r>q>p, the expected and observed values were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law. There were no significant differences in ABO blood group distribution among different genders, Han and ethnic minorities （both P>0.05）. Between ABO blood group of Rh（+） and Rh（-）, Rh（-） blood group of Han nationality and phenotype of ABO blood group, the phenotype of Rh（-） blood group and phenotype of ABO blood group, there were no significant differences in the distribution（all P>0.05）. A total of 1 802 cases of Rh（-） were confirmed, accounting for 0.64% （including ethnic minorities and repeated blood donors）. The most common manifestations were ccdee>Ccdee>ccdEe>CCdee>CcdEe>ccdEE>CCdEe, had the highest haplotype frequency cde. Among which 266 498 cases were Han nationality, 1 015 cases were Rh（-）, accounting for 0.38%; The distribution of RhD antigen in ABO blood group system was B>O>A>AB. The distribution of Rh blood group phenotype accords with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law. Conclusion Ji'nan ABO group and Rh group with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law, no correlation between the two, are two different independent genetic blood group system.

Objective To investigate the depression and anxiety status of chronic hepatitis C patients and its influencing factors. Methods A total of 480 patients with chronic hepatitis C reported by Kunming infectious disease surveillance system from January 2013 to December 2018 were randomly selected as the research objects, Self Rating Anxiety Scale （SAS） and Self Rating Depression Scale （SDS） were used to evaluate the degree of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Single factor analysis and Logistic regression analysis were used to screen the related factors of depression and anxiety. Results In 480 patients with chronic hepatitis C, 320/160 were male/female, the average age was （45.40 ± 3.72） years, and the course of disease was 0.5-12.0 years, with an average of （7.63 ± 2.45） years. The patients' SDS score was （47.81±9.69） and SAS score was （42.62±9.53）, among which 124 cases （25.83%） with SDS≥53 and 110 cases （22.92%） with SAS≥50. Logistic regression analysis showed that junior high school or below （OR=2.986）, intermediate personality （OR=1.895）, introverted personality （OR=1.869）, per capita monthly income < 1 000 yuan （OR=3.735）, and feeling discriminated against （OR=1.447） were independent risk factors of depression in patients with chronic hepatitis C, while knowledge of preventive measures （OR=0.326） were protective factors. Intermediate personality （OR=1.957）, introverted personality （OR=2.043） and feeling discriminated against （OR=1.862） were the risk factors affecting anxiety, and knowledge of preventive measures （OR=0.387） was the protective factor. Conclusion The depression and anxiety scores of patients with chronic hepatitis C in Kunming are at a high level. The risk factors of depression and anxiety are low education level, introverted personality, low income and feeling discriminated against, while knowing preventive measures is a protective factor.

Objective To evaluate the incidence and influencing factors of chronic kidney disease （CKD） in HIV/AIDS patients with tenofovir （TDF） as the first-line treatment. Methods HIV/AIDS patients who initiated TDF-based regimens and zidovudine （AZT）-based regimens respectively were retrospectively included. Demographic characteristics and clinical information of each patient were collected, the incidence and difference of CKD between the two groups were compared, and the influencing factors of CKD in the TDF group were analyzed by Cox proportional hazard model. Results A total of 432 HIV/AIDS patients were enrolled, including 249 cases in TDF group and 193 cases in AZT group, the median age at the beginning of treatment was 32（26, 50）and 31（26, 43）years, respectively, and the transmission route was mainly homosexual transmission （accounting for 69.48% and 82.90%, respectively）. The cumulative incidence of CKD at 24 months in the TDF group and AZT group was 2.8% and 0, the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. At each time point, the eGFR value of AZT group was higher than that of TDF group （all P<0.01）. Cox proportional hazard model analysis showed that female （HR=57.46, 95% CI： 2.981-67.684） and patients with baseline eGFR abnormalities （HR=4.75, 95% CI： 1.351-16.702） had a higher risk of CKD in the TDF group. Conclusion TDF can cause CKD in HIV/AIDS patients, but the incidence is low. Female and patients with baseline eGFR abnormalities are at higher risk for CKD. Therefore in the process of clinical treatment, close attention should be paid to female patients and renal function should be evaluated.

Objective To explore the correlation between hemoglobin glycation index （HGI） and chronic complications of diabetes mellitus in patients with type 2 diabetes （T2DM）. Methods Cluster random sampling method was used to select 12 from 34 villages and towns in Changshu City, and T2DM patients registered in the selected villages and towns and included in the management of National Basic Public Health Services were selected as the research objects. The participants were divided into low HGI group, middle HGI group and high HGI group according to the HGI value. The correlation of HGI and the risk of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus was estimated. Univariate analysis was performed by Chi-square test and multivariate analysis by multivariate Logistic regression model. Results A total of 10 246 T2DM patients （4 157 males and 6 089 females） were included in the survey, with 66.41% aged over 60 years old. Univariate analysis showed that HGI was significantly associated with chronic complications of diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy （both P<0.01）. But no significant associations of HGI with diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy and diabetic foot were found （all P>0.05）. After adjusting for age, sex, education, smoking history, obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes duration and family history of diabetes, Logistic regression analysis showed that high HGI group had a significantly increased risk of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus （ OR=1.240, 95% CI： 1.091-1.409） and diabetic retinopathy （OR=1.240, 95% CI： 1.070-1.437） compared with low HGI group. Conclusion The patients with high HGI may be more likely to develop chronic complications of diabetes mellitus, especially diabetic retinopathy.

Objective To investigate the second fertility desire of married migrant women before and after the universal two-child policy,and examine the effect of the universal two-child policy on the second fertility desire of them. Methods This study used data from National Internal Migrant Dynamic Monitoring Survey in Guangdong Province in 2014 and 2016. Propensity score weighting analysis was conducted to balance the differences of covariates between participants interviewed in different years, and multinomial Logistic regression models were performed to examine the effect of universal two-child policy on second fertility desire among married migrant women. Results The second fertility desire of married migrant women was raised after the implementation of universal two-child policy, and for those who did not conform to the two-child policy before the implementation of the policy, the effect of the universal two-child policy was greater（OR_{not allow}=5.35,95%CI： 4.55-6.29; OR_allow=1.61,95%CI： 1.36-1.90）. Economic burden andchild care were the main reasons that impede their second fertility desire. Conclusion After the implementation of the universal two-child policy, the second fertility desire of married migrant women hasbeen significantly increased, but it still needs to be improved.The roles of alleviating the economic burden of reproduction and developing infant care services in improving the second fertility desire of migrant women should be explored in the future.

Objective To understand the incidence and risk factors of diabetic nephropathy （DN） in type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） patients in Yunnan Province, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of DN. Methods Using random cluster sampling method, community T2DM patients （aged over 18 years old and all living in Yunnan for more than 1 year） in Yunnan were selected as the research objects. Questionnaire survey, physical examination and laboratory test were conducted from January to March in 2019 to calculate the incidence of DN. Chi-square test and multivariate unconditional Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of DN. Results A total of 5 122 patients with T2DM were investigated, including 2 317 males （45.24%） and 2 805 females （54.76%）. The average age was （56.28±19.03） years old, and 2 649 patients （51.72%） were 45 - 59 years old; 3 834 cases （74.85%） were in marriage; 2 190 cases （42.76%） lived in urban areas, and 2 932 cases （57.24%） lived in rural areas; The education level of 2 051 cases （40.04%） was junior high school. There were 1 462 cases of DN, and the incidence rate was 28.54%. Multivariate unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that age 60-90 years old （OR=1.994, 95%CI： 1.409-2.821）, duration of T2DM 11-15 years （OR=1.530, 95%CI： 1.207-1.939）, smoking （OR=1.441, 95%CI： 1.203-1.726）, meat intake frequency > 1 time/week （OR=1.347, 95%CI： 1.134-1.599）, obesity （OR=1.678, 95%CI： 1.338-2.104）, hypertension （OR=2.086, 95%CI： 1.367-3.182）, high levels of total cholesterol （TC） （OR=2.070, 95%CI： 1.842-2.327）, and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） （OR=1.799, 95%CI： 1.550-2.089） were risk factors for DN in T2DM patients in Yunnan, while participation in physical exercise （OR=0.613, 95%CI： 0.426-0.883） and glycated hemoglobin （HbA1c） compliance （OR=0.573, 95%CI： 0.413-0.794） were protective factors. Conclusion The incidence of DN in patients with T2DM in Yunnan is high. Older age, longer duration of T2DM, smoking, frequency of meat intake, physical exercise, hypertension, HbA1c compliance and BMI, TC, HDL-C are the main influencing factors of DN in patients with T2DM in this area.

Objective To screen the permanent residents aged ≥40 years in Huangpu District, Guangzhou to understand the exposure of stroke risk factors, identify the high-risk population, and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of stroke. Methods Convenient sampling method was used to select five communities in Huangpu District, Guangzhou from June to December in 2019. Questionnaire survey, physical examination and laboratory tests were carried out on the respondents.Using a simple comprehensive risk assessment tool for cardiovascular diseases, the 10-year absolute risk of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease （ICVD） in the identified high-risk population of stroke was calculated. Results A total of 802 people were effectively investigated, including 371 males and 431 females, aged 40 - 92 years, with an average age of （55.20±11.10） years. Most of them were married, accounting for 90.15%. The education level was evenly distributed, and the employees in enterprises and public institutions accounted for the highest proportion （48.88%）. A total of 195 people with high risk of stroke were screened （the detection rate was 24.31%）, and the detection rate of male （34.50%） was higher than that of female （15.55%） （P<0.01）.The 10-year absolute risk of ICVD in the high-risk population of stroke was4.76%.Among the high-risk population of stroke, the top five risk factors of exposure were hypertension（76.92%）, hyperlipidemia（64.10%）, less exercise（61.54%）, smoking（43.08%）, and diabetes（33.33%）. Conclusion In Huangpu District, Guangzhou, the detection rate of high-risk population of stroke in permanent residents aged ≥40 years is high. Therefore, screening should be popularized, and comprehensive intervention measures such as health management and education should be adopted to reduce the incidence of stroke.

Objective To understand the quality of life and medication compliance of elderly patients with hypertension, and analyze the related factors affecting medication compliance, so as to provide basis for improving medication compliance and blood pressure control of elderly patients with hypertension. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on the quality of life and medication compliance of hypertensive patients ≥ 60 years old who underwent a physical examination in a medical examination center of a cadre sanatorium in Hainan Province from March 2018 to June 2019.The quality of life and medication compliance were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological analysis, and univariateand multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of medication compliance. Results In this study, a total of 1014 hypertensive patients ≥60 years old in Haikou City were investigated. There were 582 males and 432 females, aged 60-83 years old, with an average age of （68.20±5.74） years, and the course of disease was 6 months to 27 years, with an average course of disease of（7.20±3.74） years. There were 432 elderly hypertensive patients with good medication compliance, accounted for 42.60%. The overall score of quality of life was （60.21±13.54）. The scores of each quality of life dimension and the overall scores of elderly patients with good medication compliance were higher than those of patients with poor medication compliance （all P<0.01）. Elderly hypertensive patients who wereolder （OR=0.715）, longer course of disease （OR=0.266）, more than one visit per month （OR=0.674） and combined with other diseases （OR=0.588） were less likely to have good medication compliance. The higher the education level （OR=1.948）, no adverse drug reactions （OR=2.768） and the higher the quality of life score （OR=2.077） were more likely to have good medication compliance. Conclusion Hypertensive patients ≥60 years old in Haikou City have poor medication compliance.Taking corresponding targeted measures to effectively intervene the related factors will help to improve the quality of life and medication compliance of elderly patients with hypertension.

Objective To investigatethe pelvic floor muscle function of postpartum women and analyze the related factors of pelvic floor muscle injury, so as to provide scientific basis for preventing pelvic floor muscle injury caused by delivery. Methods From January 2019 to November 2020, the parturient who had undergone a 6-8 week postpartum re-examination in the obstetrics department of each hospital in Changsha City and Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province were selected as the research objects. The data were collected and the pelvic floor muscle strength was measured. The descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze the abnormality of pelvic floor muscle strength in postpartum women, and the univariate and multivariate analysis methodswere used to analyze its influencing factors. Results A total of 1 628 parturients were surveyed, aged 22-38 years, with an average age of （29.68±5.36） years.The graviditywas 1-5, with an average of （2.43 ± 1.16） times. Theparitywas 1-5, with 1-2 being the main ones, accounting for 72.4%.Among them, 1 142 cases of parturient 6-8 weeks postpartum were found to have abnormal pelvic floor muscles strength, and the abnormality rate was 70.2%. Age 30-38 years （OR=3.766）, with parity≥3 （OR=2.633）, vaginal delivery （OR=7.478）, excessive weight gain during pregnancy （OR=1.597） and birth weight of newborns ≥4 kg （OR=5.078） postpartum women hada higher risk of abnormal pelvic floor muscles strength. Conclusion The abnormality rate of pelvic floor muscles strength in postpartum women in Hunan Province is relatively high. Age, parity, mode of delivery, weight gain during pregnancy, and weight of newborns are important causes of postpartum pelvic floor muscle injury. Corresponding measures should be taken to reducethe risk of pelvic floor muscle injury in postpartum women.

Objective To investigate the status of pre-hypertension among young and middle-aged people undergoing physical examination in Zhengzhou City, and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide scientific basis for the comprehensive prevention and treatment of hypertension and the selection of intervention measures in local specific population. Methods From September 2018 to August 2020, the young and middle-aged people aged 18-59 years old in Zhengzhou City who underwent physical examination in the physical examination center of a hospital in Henan Province were selected as the research objects to investigate the current situation of pre-hypertension, and the influencing factors of pre-hypertension were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results There were 6 572 males and 5 988 females in the 12 560 subjects aged 18-59 years old in Zhengzhou City. The average age was （37.20 ± 5.16） years old. The majority of them were 25-44 years old, accounting for 58.91%. Among them, 4 486 cases of pre-hypertension were detected, the detection rate was 35.72%;1 949 cases of hypertension were detected, the prevalence rate was 15.52%. The older age （OR=1.370）, higher BMI （OR=2.054）, smoking （OR=1.065）, family history of hypertension （OR=1.353）, hypercholesterolemia （OR=1.507）, hypertriglyceridemia （OR =1.443） and low HDL-C （OR=1.157） in young and middle-aged persons who hada higher risk of pre-hypertension detection. Conclusion The detection rate of pre-hypertension is high in young and middle-aged people undergoing physical examinationin Zhengzhou City. Overweight and obesity are the most obvious influencing factors. Health education should be strengthened for young and middle-aged people with overweight, family history of hypertension, smoking and dyslipidemia, so as to meet the target of prevention and control of hypertension.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） complicated with hyperlipidemia and their related nutritional management measures. Methods From January 2019 to May 2020, pregnant women with GDM who have established prenatal health records in the obstetrics department of a hospital in Langfang City and can carry out prenatal examination according to the requirements of normal prenatal examination were selected as the research objects for blood lipid level detection, and nutritional management was carried out for GDM pregnant women complicated with hyperlipidemia for 8 weeks. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of hyperlipidemia in GDM pregnant women, and the blood glucose and blood lipid indexes before and after nutrition management were compared. Results A total of 782 pregnant women with GDM aged 20-42 years old were investigated in this study, with an average age of （28.41 ± 6.32） years. The gestational age was 24-28 weeks, with an average of （26.14 ± 1.25） weeks.Among them, 139 （17.77%） cases had hyperlipidemia.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥35 years old（OR=2.280）, pre-pregnancy BMI ≥24 （OR=2.004）, excessive meat intake （OR=2.073） were the risk factors of hyperlipidemia in pregnant women with GDM.After the intervention of nutritional management, GDM pregnant women complicated with hyperlipidemia had lower TG, TC and LDL-C than that before the intervention, and higher HDL-C than thatbefore the intervention （P< 0.05）. Conclusion The risk factors of GDM complicated with hyperlipidemia are age ≥ 35 years old, overweight/obesity before pregnancy and excessive meat intake.Nutritional management should be tailored on an individual basis to achieve more effective control of blood glucose and lipid levels and improve pregnancy outcomes in GDM pregnant women complicated with hyperlipidemia.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Parkinson disease （PD） among elderly residents in the community and its related influencing factors, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control measures tailored to local conditions. Methods From June to September in 2019, residents aged over 60 years old in six communities of Qiqihar City were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method for PD screening, and those with positive screening results were diagnosed by neurologists according to the diagnostic criteria. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the prevalence of PD, and univariate and multivariate analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of PD. Results In this study, a total of 8 645 community residents aged over 60 years old in Qiqihar City were investigated. The age ranged from 60 to 93, the average age was （72.36 ± 5.22） years. There were 3 864 males and 4 781 females. Among them, 169 cases of PD were detected, and the prevalence rate was 1.95%. Higher education level （OR=0.581 in primary school, OR=0.352 in junior high school and above）, regular exercise （OR=0.554） were the protective factors of PD, while male（OR=1.634）, older age （OR=1.673 in 70 -79 years, OR=1.973 in 80 - 93 years）, stroke（OR=1.451） and family history（OR=1.712） were the risk factors of PD. Conclusion The prevalence of PD in community residents aged over 60 years old in Qiqihar is relatively high, male and the elderly with stroke and family history of PD are high-risk groups. Appropriate exercises should be maintained for PD prevention.

Objective To investigate the status of medication compliance in patients with essential hypertension, and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods Taking patients with essential hypertension in hospitals in Zhengzhou as the research objects, a convenient sampling method was used to carry out a survey on the medication compliance of patients with essential hypertension in public hospitals from April to October 2019. Descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze medication compliance, and univariate and multivariate analysis method was used to analyze its influencing factors. Results A total of 3 138 hypertensive patients were investigated, aged 45-80 years old, with an average ageof （68.93±9.39） years. Males accounted for 58.4%, those with hypertension for 5-10 years accounted for 43.8%, those who took ≥3 kinds of drugs accounted for 25.8%, and 78.4% had no adverse drug reactions. There were 1 621 cases with good medication compliance, accounting for 51.7%, and 1 517 cases with poor medication compliance, accounting for 48.3%. The main reasons for poor medication compliance were forgetting the medication experience （46.4%）, sometimes not taking medication （24.6%）, discontinuing medication when symptoms improved accounted for 22.9%, and stopping medication when symptoms became worse accounted for 6.0%. The essential hypertensive patients with bachelor degree or above （OR=1.976）, higher family monthly income （OR=3.543） and medical insurance payment （OR=1.522） were more likely to have good medication compliance, while the patients living alone （OR=0.305） and more types of medication （OR=0.694） were less likely to have good medication compliance. Conclusion The medication compliance of patients with essential hypertension in Zhengzhou is poor. Education level, economic situation, living alone, medical expenses payment method and medication type are the influencing factors of poor medication compliance.

Objective To investigate the status of women's knowledge of prevention and treatment （KPT） of breast cancer and cervical cancer （referred to as “two cancers”） in Deyang, and to explore the related factors, so as to provide reference for better screening of “two cancers”. Methods The stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to select women from Deyang City as the research object to conduct an on-site questionnaire survey on the KPT of “two cancers” from June to September 2019. The descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze, and univariateand multivariateanalysis were used to analyze the factors affecting the KPT of “two cancers”. Results A total of 1 835 female residents in Deyang City were analyzed, aged 20-69 years old, with an average age of （42.36±5.22） years. The educational level was mainly in junior high school （653, 35.59%） and senior high school （634, 34.55%）. Urban residents accounted for 60.60%. The main occupation was enterprise workers （594, 32.37%）.The average total score of KPT of “two cancers” was （23.6 ± 5.3）, and the total awareness rate was 49.30%. There were 878 people who answered more than 60% of the “two cancers” prevention knowledge questionnaire correctly, and the understanding rate was 47.85%. The older female residents （OR=0.730） were less likely to understand the KPT of “two cancers”. The higher education level （OR=2.787）, urban residents （OR=5.512）, and their occupations were employees of enterprises and institutions or self-employed （OR=5.124, 1.713）, higher per capita monthly household income （OR=2.298）, history of breast disease （OR=1.775）, and history of gynecological disease （OR=1.320） were facilitating factors in understanding the KPT of “two cancers” among women. Conclusion The women in Deyang City have low scores of KPT of “two cancers”. We should focus on the elderly, low education level and low-income women in rural areas to strengthen the publicity and education of health knowledgeof “two cancers”.

Objective To explore the trend of snack behavior and knowledge utilization of second grade students in Guangming District of Shenzhen in recent years and provide bases for targeted intervention of chronic disease among children in primary medical and health institutions. Methods From 2015 to 2018, the cluster random sampling method was used to select the second grade students of 6, 4, 6 and 6 primary schools in this area, and the self-designed questionnaire was used for investigation and trend analysis. Results There were 1 035 valid questionnaires which including 616 boys（59.52%） and 419 girls（40.48%）, averaged （8.10±0.73） and （7.96±0.74） years old respectivly. The most 5 popular snacks were fruits（58.94%）, bread and cake（46.76%）, jelly（35.07%）, biscuits and chips（30.34%）, and nuts（29.28%）. And the beverages were pure milk and yogurt（58.55%）, juice（39.32%）, carbonated beverages（27.15%）, herbal tea and green tea（23.77%）, and nutrition express beverages（23.19%）. According to the analysis of stratified statistics by year, there were significantly decline trends in consumption of snacks such as jelly, preserves, fried foods or barbecue and beverages such as herbal tea and green tea, functional drinks, carbonated beverages, coffee and milk tea, nutrition express beverages（P<0.05）. But the trends were increase such as fruits, bread and cake, pure milk and yogurt（P<0.05）. There were significantly increase in drinking boiled water year by year（P<0.01）. The main reasons of consumption in snacks and beverages were thirst and hunger（61.26%）, watching TV and bored （47.73%）. Furthermore, in health habits and food knowledge utilization, there were no significantly changed of trends except buying snacks to see the date of production （P<0.01）. Conclusion The trend of snack behavior and habit of second grade students in this area is generally good in these years, but targeted intervention strategies are still needed.

Objective To analyze the pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance test results of children with bacterial meningitis, so as to provide the basis for the diagnosis and medication of children with bacterial meningitis in this area. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze the pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance test results of bacterial meningitis cases diagnosed in the medical record management system of a hospital in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. Results This study analyzed 355 children with bacterial meningitis diagnosed between 2010 to 2019 in a hospital in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. Among them, 199 were boys and 156 were girls, accounting for 56.1% and 43.9%, respectively. The main symptoms of the cases were fever duration ≥ 3 days （52.1%）, status epilepticus （54.1%）, and convulsions （76.1%）. 355 strains （18 kinds） of pathogenic bacteria were detected, all of them were single infections.246 strains of gram-positive bacteria were detected, accounting for 69.0%, and 102 strains of gram-negative bacteria were detected, accounting for 28.7%, also 7 fungal strains were detected, accounting for 2.0%. Gram-positive bacteria were mostly Streptococcus pneumoniae （35.2%）, Streptococcus agalactiae （13.8%） and Staphylococcus aureus （13.5%）. Escherichia coli （11.5%）, Neisseria intracellularis （6.2%） and Haemophilus influenzae type B （5.6%） were the majority of Gram-negative bacteria. The resistance rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin, ampicillin, oxacillin, vancomycin and levofloxacin were all higher than 80%, and the sensitivity rate to cefotaxime and moxifloxacin were higher than 95%. Streptococcus agalactiae did not develop severe drug resistance, but resistance rate to erythromycin was high （50.4%）. Staphylococcus aureushadvarying degrees of resistance to various antibiotics, and was relatively more sensitive to cefotaxime, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, levofloxacin and vancomycin （70.4%-98.0%）. The resistance rate of Escherichia coli to cefuroxime and cefazolin were higher than 60%, and the sensitivity rate to chloramphenicol and imipenem were higher than 94%. Neisseria meningitidishadhigh sensitivity rate to most antibacterial drugs, and the resistance rate to ampicillin was 27.3%. Conclusion Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli are the main pathogenic bacteria in children with bacterial meningitis in this area. These pathogenic bacteria were highly resistant to β-lactamase antibiotics, but still with high sensitivity rate to third and fourth generation cephalosporins.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and factors influencing clinical severity of COVID-19 confirmed cases in Jingzhou City, with a view to providing evidence for epidemic prevention and treatment. Methods The basic data of COVID-19 confirmed cases in Jingzhou City from January 1 to March 10, 2020 were collected through the Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information Management System. Clinical data and previous exposure history of risk factors were obtained through field epidemiological investigation, and case epidemiology and clinical severity were descriptive analyzed. Results A total of 1 365 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported in Jingzhou City, the reported incidence rate was 24.19/100 000, and the infection presents a single-peak outbreak pattern. Confirmed cases of cluster infections accounted for 31.06% of the total, 93.94% of the clustered outbreaks occurred in households. The sex ratio of male to female was 1.12∶1. The age of the COVID-19 confirmed cases was mainly 30-59 years old, accounting for 62.93%. In the regional distribution, the highest incidence rate was Honghu City which is nearest to Wuhan. Fourteen days before onset, 79.56% had traveled to Wuhan or contact with people who had returned from Wuhan, and 27.25% had contact with the confirmed cases or asymptomatic infected people. Fever and cough were found in 75.60% and 56.26% of the cases. The cases who were older, the longer the time from onset to admission, and the higher the proportion of patients with past disease history, were more severe the clinical classification （P<0.01）. Conclusion In the control and prevention of COVID-19 epidemic, early detection and individual isolation should be implemented to prevent the family clustering epidemic. When necessary, the movement of people in the epidemic area should be restricted to control the spread of large areas. In case treatment, early detection is necessary to shorten the time from the onset to the admission of the infected person, focus on the elderly and the infected cases with past history, so as to reduce the proportion of severe and critical diseases cases.

Objective To investigate the cognition and the simple coping style of the residents during the outbreak of COVID-19, so as to provide scientific basis for precise prevention and control strategy. Methods In February, 2020, the mainly residents of Guangdong Province were investigated by a self-designed questionnaire and simple coping style questionnaire （SCSQ） through network. Results There were 585 valid questionnaires collected, among which 98.8% were young and middle-aged, and 73.4% were bachelor degree or more. Medical workers accounted for 21.9%. Most of the participants were healthy （95.9%）. The results of the SCSQ showed that 332 （56.8%） people tended to adopt a positive coping style. Except positive coping scores of the age group of ≥60 higher than the norm, positive coping and negative coping scores of different gender, age, educational degree, occupation and the healthy state were lower than the norm, and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.01）. There were no statistically significant differences in positive coping tendencies between different gender, age group, occupation, and health state （P>0.05）, and the positive coping tendency of different educational levels was statistically significant （P<0.05）. The main accesses of information were official news （85.0%） and timely message of APP （70.1%）. The main routes of COVID-19 transmission were droplet transmission （99.5%） and contact transmission （89.1%）. Wearing a face mask （99.5%）, avoiding gathering together （98.5%） can prevent infection. Bothering factors were limited going outsides （66.2%）, information explosion （48.9%）, and impact on the original schedule （46.7%）. Conclusion During the epidemic, people have different degrees of awareness and preventive measures, and most of them adopt a positive coping, but the scores of coping style are lower than the norm. In the public health emergency, we should strengthen the healthy knowledge of prevention and control, scientifically guide the coping style of the public.

Objective Describe and analyze epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Guangxi to provide evidence for prevention and control. Methods The infarmation of 252 cases reported in Guangxi were collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System from January 22 to March 23,2020. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to retrospectively analyze the spatial,temporal and population distributions, history of exposure, and clustered outbreak characteristics of the cases. Results The incidence was mainly concentrated in people aged 20 to 59 years （74.2%）. The clinical severity was dominated by the common type （75.0%）. The peak incidence was from January 19 to February 1 （67.1%）. The epidemic situation affected 57 counties in 13 cities, mainly imported cases （61.1%）. A total of 50 clustered outbreaks were reported, mainly family aggregation （88.0%）, and local cases were mainly family aggregation infections （accounting for 74.5% of the total number of local cases）. Conclusion COVID-19 epidemic in Guangxi is dominated by imported cases in the early stage and local cases in the later stage. The family aggregation is obvious. The early prevention and control measures in Guangxi have showed effective results and the epidemic has shifted to a low-risk distribution state. With the increase in the number of personnel returning to work, production and transportation, and the global spread of the epidemic, it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of special institutions and communities, as well as the control of the importation of personnel in high-risk areas.

Objective To investigate the relationship of anxiety, stress and psychological distress with sleep quality in college students during COVID-19 outbreak, and provide basis for sleep and psychological guidance during public health emergencies. Methods The snowball sampling method was adopted and the “WeChat” APP was used as the media to conduct 72-hour online survey among college students across the country in February 9-11, 2020. T test, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship of anxiety, stress and psychological distress with sleep quality. Results A total of 1 865 college students were included in the study, with an average age of （20.70±1.48） years old, boy students accounted for 33.73%. The detection rates of poor sleep quality, anxiety, stress and psychological distress were 5.14%, 6.81%, 2.90% and 15.71%, respectively. Psychological health and its all dimension were positively correlated with sleep quality. The anxiety, stress and psychological distress were the influencing factors of sleep quality （R²=0.59）. Conclusion The anxiety, stress and psychological distress may aggravate the symptoms of poor sleep quality in college students. Reasonable adjustment of negative emotions in public health emergencies is conducive to improving the sleep quality of college students.