Objective To investigate the preventive effect of a composite nutrient supplement on acute lung oxidative stress and inflammatory injury induced by PM_2.5 exposure in rats. Methods Forty SD rats were randomized into 4 groups： control group, PM_2.5 model group, low-dose supplement （150 mg/kg） + PM_2.5 group, and high-dose supplement （750 mg/kg） + PM_2.5 group. Rats in nutrient supplement groups were administrated continuous by supplement solution gavage for 14 days, while rats in control and model groups were given with saline gavage. On the 15th day, rats in all groups except control group were exposed to PM_2.5 （9.0 mg/kg） suspension by tracheal drip, once every 24 hours, for 3 times in total. Rats in control group was treated with saline as the same procedure. Twenty-four hours after the last exposure, blood samples, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung tissue homogenate and pathological sections of rats were collected. The levels of malondialdehyde （MDA）, superoxide dismutase （SOD） in serum,the levels of lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） and acid phosphatase （ACP） in alveolar lavage fluid and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, interleukin 1β （IL-1β） in lung homogenates were measured. Results Compared with the control group, the levels of MDA, ACP, LDH, TNF-α, IL-1β in PM_2.5 model group were significantly higher and SOD activity was lower （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Compared with the PM_2.5 model group, the levels of MDA, TNF-α and IL-1β in nutrient supplement + PM_2.5 groups were significantly lower, and SOD activity was higher （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Compared with the PM_2.5 model group, the levels of ACP and LDH in high-dose supplement + PM_2.5 group were significantly lower （P<0.05 or P<0.01）, and the pathological injury of lung tissues were significantly less severe. Conclusion The composite nutrient supplement exerts protective effect on acute lung oxidative stress and inflammatory injury induced by PM_2.5 exposure in rats.

Objective To investigate the mutation of EGFR gene in patients with lung adenocarcinoma and its correlation with clinical, imaging, and pathological features. Methods A total of 370 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who were diagnosed and treated in a cancer hospital in Hainan Province from August 2017 to July 2021 were selected as the research subjects. According to the results of EGFR gene detection, they were divided into wild-type group and mutation group. The data of sex, age, stage, type of adenocarcinoma, IASLC grade, histological subtype, and CT inmaging characteristics of the two groups were analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Results After EGFR gene detection, there were 172 patients with EGRF gene mutation and 198 patients with EGFR wild type, the gene mutation rate was 46.49%; 75 patients had EGFR gene exon 19 mutation, accounting for 43.60% of the mutation group; 97 patients had EGFR gene exon 21 mutation, accounting for 59.40% of the mutation group. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that female, smoking history, burr sign, air bronchus sign, and papillary invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma were risk factors for EGFR mutation （all P<0.05）; Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma was a protective factor for EGFR mutation （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in clinical data, imaging, and pathological features between patients with EGFR gene exon 19 and exon 21 mutations （all P>0.05）. Conclusion EGFR gene mutation in patients with lung adenocarcinoma has related imaging and pathological features, which has reference value for formulating personalized treatment plan for patients.

Objective To explore the detection and influencing factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） among residents in Shijiazhuang City. Methods From September to December 2021, 3 communities in Shijiazhuang City were selected by cluster random sampling method, and all residents in the selected communities were subjected to a questionnaire survey and pulmonary function tests. Using the descriptive epidemiological method to analyze the prevalence of COPD in the community population. The risk factors of COPD were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis methods. Results A total of 2 348 residents completed the questionnaire survey and pulmonary function tests. Among them, 1 205 were male, accounting for 51.32%, and 1 143 were female, accounting for 48.68%, aged 31-76 years. A total of 146 cases of COPD were detected, the detection rate was 6.22%, 69 cases were mild, accounting for 47.26%, 54 cases were moderate, accounting for 36.99%, and 23 cases were severe, accounting for 15.75%, no extremely severe cases. In the symptom distribution of the detected individuals, the proportion of cough and expectoration was higher, which were 52.05% （76 cases） and 49.32% （72 cases）, respectively. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age≥40 years （OR=1.705, 1.936）, male （OR=3.404）, living in rural areas （OR=2.469）, occasional or frequent smoking （OR=1.592, 1.800）, history of occupational dust exposure （OR=2.179）, family history of asthma （OR=3.164）, family history of COPD （OR=5.170）, and history of repeated respiratory tract infections （OR=3.414） were the influencing factors of COPD among community residents in Shijiazhuang. Conclusion The detection rate of COPD in community residents of Shijiazhuang City is not optimistic, and there are many risk factors. Focusing on the middle-aged and elderly, smoking, rural areas, and male high-risk groups with various related family histories, early screening and targeted intervention measures are helpful to the prevention and control of COPD in residents.

Objective To analyze the stigma of youth patients with type 2 diabetes and its influencing factors. Methods A convenient sampling method was used to select 18-40 year-old patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing diagnosis and treatment in threc hospital areas of a sanatorium in Hangzhou from June 2018 to June 2021 as the study subjects to evaluate their stigma （using the DSAS-2 scale）. The descriptive analysis method was used to analyze their stigma, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the factors affecting their stigma. Results A total of 358 youth patients with type 2 diabetes completed the survey, with an age of 18-40 years, an average age of （31.12 ± 3.32） years, a BMI of 17.6-33.72 kg/m², and an average BMI of （23.67 ± 3.40） kg/m². The proportion of patients with diabetes duration less than 10 months was higher, accounting for 82.17%. The total score of DSAS-2 was （58.55 ± 14.69） points. The scores of the three dimensions from high to low were self-humiliation, blame and judgment, and differential treatment, which were （21.35 ± 7.75）, （19.44 ± 6.20） and （17.76 ± 5.83） points, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the course of diabetes （β’=- 0.251）, combined with other chronic diseases （β’= 0.360）, family history of diabetes （β’= 0.295）, diabetes complications （β’= 0.611）, and insulin injection therapy （β’= 1.049） were the influencing factors of the stigma in youth patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion Youth patients with type 2 diabetes have a high level of stigma. Several factors can influence the stigma in youth patients with type 2 diabetes. For the controllable factors, corresponding intervention is needed.

Objective To explore and analyze the status of dental caries among junior high school students in Zhangjiakou and the impact of oral health-related behaviors on dental caries in this population, to provide a basis for the publicity and education of oral health-related behaviors. Methods A stratified and multi-stage random sampling method was used to select middle schools. Oral examination and oral health-related behavior survey were conducted on all junior high school students in the selected schools. The descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the prevalence of dental caries among junior high school students, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influence of oral health-related behaviors on dental caries. Results A total of 2 029 junior high school students were investigated in oral examination and oral health-related behaviors, including 1 123 boys and 906 girls, aged 11-14 years; 1 187 only children, 842 non-only children; 1 106 parents with the highest education level of high school or below, 605 parents with the highest education level of technical secondary school / junior college, and 318 parents with the highest education level of bachelor or above. A total of 724 students with dental caries were detected, the prevalence rate was 35.68%, and the mean decayed-missing-filled teeth was （2.48 ± 0.77）. The filling rate of dental caries was 15.67%. The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that eating sweets before bed （OR=4.455）, the frequency of eating desserts≥2 times a day （OR=2.347）, incorrect brushing method （OR=4.754）, and having malocclusion （OR=1.956） were the risk factors of dental caries in junior high school students; brushing times≥2 times a day （OR=0.293）, brushing habit after deciduous tooth eruption （OR=0.262）, parental attention （OR=0.384）, correctly understanding of brushing bleeding （OR=0.304） were the protective factors of dental caries in junior high school students. Conclusion The prevalence of dental caries among junior high school students in Zhangjiakou is still relatively high. Poor eating habits, tooth brushing habits, parents' attention, and knowledge of dental knowledge affect the occurrence of dental caries. Parents and society need to increase their attention to dental caries in junior high school students.

Objective To understand the current situation and correlation between health literacy and current smoking behavior among residents in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, and provide a reference for health promotion interventions and tobacco control. Methods Using the multi-stage stratified random sampling method, the health literacy of permanent residents aged 15-69 years in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, was monitored from July to September 2020, and the socio-demographic characteristics, health literacy, and smoking behavior of residents were investigated. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis methods were used to analyze the correlation between health literacy and current smoking behavior. Results Among the 2 553 subjects, the total health literacy level was 31.57%, and the current smoking rate was 20.52%. There were significant differences in current smoking rates among respondents in terms of gender, age group, marital status, educational level, occupation, annual family income, and chronic diseases （all P<0.01）. The current smoking rate among those with total health literacy, three aspects, and six types of health literacy problems was lower than those without （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that women （all OR<1,95%CI<1）, college/bachelor's degree or above （all OR<1,95%CI<1）, students （all OR<1,95%CI<1）, those with total health literacy （OR=0.713,95% CI:0.542~0.937）, and health concept basic knowledge and literacy （OR=0.715,95% CI:0.530~0.964） were less likely to current smoke, and those with other occupation （OR=2.384,95% CI:1.006~5.654） were more likely to current smoke. Conclusion Smoking behavior is associated with the level of health literacy among residents. To reduce the smoking rate, we need to carry out in-depth health education on the harm of smoking and improve the level of health literacy.

Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） in Changping District, Beijing. Methods In October 2020, T2DM patients were recruited as survey subjects in 16 community service centers in Changping District, Beijing. Data collection, physical examination, blood biochemical index detection, and bone mineral density detection were performed on T2DM patients who met the research conditions. The descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the incidence of osteoporosis in T2DM patients, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of osteoporosis in T2DM patients. Results A total of 2 126 T2DM patients with valid data were recruited in this study, aged 22-76 years old, and the course of disease was mainly 1-9 years, accounting for 68.53%. The incidence of osteoporosis in 2 126 T2DM patients was 10.11%. The multivariate Logistic regression model showed that age （OR=2.512）, course of disease （OR=1.956）, body mass index （BMI） （OR=0.399）, smoking （OR=2.895）, physical exercise （OR=0.459）, blood glucose monitoring （OR=2.533）, glycosylated hemoglobin （HbA1c） （OR=3.517）, parathyroid hormone （PTH） （OR=2.777）, alkaline phosphatase （ALP） （OR=3.452）, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25（OH）D] （OR=1.982） were influencing factors of osteoporosis in T2DM patients. Conclusion T2DM patients in Changping District of Beijing have a higher risk of osteoporosis, and the influencing factors include age, course of disease, BMI, smoking, physical exercise, blood glucose monitoring, HbA1c, PTH, ALP, and 25（OH）D levels. Improving the clinical prevention and treatment system will help reduce the risk of osteoporosis in T2DM patients.

Objective To carry out colorectal cancer screening for permanent residents aged ≥ 45 years in Dongying District, and to explore the compliance of colonoscopy and its influencing factors for those with positive screening results, to provide a scientific basis for improving the colorectal cancer screening of residents. Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select community health service centers in 2 towns and 3 sub-districts within the jurisdiction as volunteer recruitment sites for colorectal cancer screening. Residents aged ≥ 45 years were recruited to conduct colorectal cancer screening and questionnaire surveys. Those who screened positive were further examined by colonoscopy. The results of colorectal screening and colonoscopy compliance of residents were analyzed by descriptive analysis method, and the influencing factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis methods. Results A total of 1 201 people were included in this study for analysis, including 662 males and 539 females, 372 people aged 45-59 years, 495 people aged 60-69 years, and 334 people aged 70-79 years. A total of 371 cases were positive in the primary screening, including 154 cases of risk factors positive, 298 cases of FOBT positive, and 81 cases of both risk factors and FOBT positive, with a positive rate of 30.89%. Male （OR=3.177）, history of mucus and bloody stool （OR=7.683）, and history of intestinal polyps （OR=5.008） were risk factors for positive screening of colorectal cancer. Among the 371 cases with positive screening results, 121 cases completed colonoscopy, and the compliance rate of colonoscopy was 32.61%. Gender （OR=2.776）, age （OR=0.511, 0.433）, marital status （OR=4.267）, educational level （OR=2.782, 3.916）, and medical insurance （OR=2.743） were influencing factors of colonoscopy compliance in colorectal cancer screening positive patients. Conclusion The positive rate of primary screening for colorectal cancer in the Dongying District of Dongying City is high, so it is necessary to strengthen the screening of colorectal cancer for male individuals with a history of mucus and bloody stool and intestinal polyps. But the compliance to colonoscopy examination of residents is low, especially for female individuals aged 60 and above, who are not married, have a low education level, and have no medical insurance, which should specifically strengthen the health education of this group and improve their colonoscopy compliance.

Objective To explore the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） among smokers aged ≥40 years in Qingdao City, and analyze the related factors of COPD. Methods From August to December 2021, the multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select smokers aged ≥ 40 years in households with smoking habits as the survey subjects to carry out the questionnaire, physical examination, and pulmonary function test. The prevalence of COPD among smokers was analyzed, and the influencing factors of COPD were studied. Results A total of 1 516 smokers were enrolled, 81.06% of whom were male, 70.25% of whom had ≥ 21 pack-years of cigarette smoking, and 71.17% of whom had smoked for more than 30 years. COPD occurred in 297 cases （19.59%）. Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that males （OR=3.706）, aged 50-59 years （OR=1.567）, aged 60-69 years （OR=2.585）, aged ≥70 years （OR=4.926）, urban residents （OR=1.568）, body mass index （BMI） <18.5 kg/m² （OR=3.848）, passive smoking （OR=2.516）, 11-20 pack-years of cigarette smoking （OR=1.903）, 21-30 pack-years of cigarette smoking （OR=2.472）, ≥31 pack-years of cigarette smoking （OR=3.792）, smoked for 31-40 years （OR=2.400）, and smoked for ≥ 40 years （OR=4.227） were risk factors for COPD in smokers. Tendency χ² analysis showed that the incidence of COPD in smokers increased with the increase of pack-years of cigarette smoking and smoking years （both P<0.01）. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the severity of COPD was significantly and positively correlated with pack-years of cigarette smoking and smoking years. The severity of COPD would continue to deepen with the increase of pack-years of cigarette smoking and smoking years （both P<0.01）. Conclusion The smokers aged ≥40 years in Qingdao are mainly male, and the incidence of COPD is high. Male, old age, urban residents, low BMI, and passive smoking were risk factors for COPD. The higher the number of pack-years of cigarette smoking and smoking years, the higher the risk of COPD.

Objective To explore the risk factors of premature acute coronary syndrome （ACS） in Zhengzhou. Methods Patients with ACS who were admitted to three A-grade hospitals in Zhengzhou from January 2020 to December 2020 were selected as the research objects, and they were divided into the premature ACS group and the non-premature ACS group. The descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the related indicators of the two groups, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of premature ACS. Results There were no significant differences in gender, erythrocyte distribution width, platelet distribution width, uric acid, fasting blood glucose, and the number of coronary artery lesions between the two groups （all P > 0.05）; There were significant differences in overweight or obesity, smoking, family history of coronary heart disease, mean platelet volume, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and homocysteine between the two groups ??（P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that overweight or obesity （OR=1.442）, smoking （OR=3.012）, family history of coronary heart disease （OR=1.057）, high-level mean platelet volume （OR=1.993）, high-level low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （OR=2.942）, and high-level homocysteine ??（OR=3.522） were risk factors for premature ACS. Conclusion Family history of coronary heart disease, smoking, overweight, high-level low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-level homocysteine, and high-level mean platelet volume are risk factors for premature ACS.

Objective To explore the current situation of xerophthalmia among high school students in Xi‘an, and to analyze the related factors of xerophthalmia. Methods In 2021, students from 30 high schools in Xi’an were selected by multi-stage stratified sampling method as the research objects for the questionnaire survey and ophthalmological examination. The descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the prevalence of xerophthalmia among high school students, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of xerophthalmia among high school students. Results A total of 521 high school students were included in the study, 312 were male, accounting for 59.88%; 209 were female, accounting for 40.12%; the average age was （16.28±1.98） years. Among them, 238 cases of xerophthalmia were detected, with a detection rate of 45.68%, including 176 cases of mild xerophthalmia, 52 cases of moderate xerophthalmia, and 10 cases of severe xerophthalmia, accounting for 73.95%, 21.85%, and 4.20% respectively. The results of unconditional Logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that grades （OR=2.389, 2.307）, wearing contact lenses or cosmetic contact lenses （OR=1.440）, myopia （OR=1.931）, using eye drops （OR=5.888）, receiving vision correction surgery （OR=2.210）, history of ocular trauma （OR=5.501）, frequency of electronic product use （OR=2.632, 4.669）, staying up late （OR=1.736, 1.887, 2.234）, and daily sleep time （OR=2.307, 2.704） were influencing factors of xerophthalmia in high school students. Conclusion The incidence of xerophthalmia among high school students in Xi ‘an is high. Wearing contact lenses or cosmetic contact lenses and a history of eye correction and so on are risk factors of xerophthalmia among high school students. It is suggested that schools should properly strengthen the popularization of students’ relevant knowledge and propaganda of protection measures to reduce the incidence of eye disease among high school students.