基孔肯雅热传播效率核心参数研究进展

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2025.0943

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基孔肯雅热（Chikungunya）是由基孔肯雅病毒引起的蚊媒传染病,白纹伊蚊（Aedes albopictus）是其主要的传播媒介之一,已在全球范围内造成严峻的公共卫生挑战。目前,中国广东、广西、香港、澳门和湖南等地均有本地病例报告,疫情防控任务迫在眉睫。基孔肯雅热传播效率受病毒、媒介蚊群及宿主人群等因素影响,核心参数的精准解析对制定科学防控策略至关重要。本研究综述基孔肯雅热传播效率的核心参数：（1）媒介蚊虫参数：白纹伊蚊雌蚊自然寿命平均（27.3±0.8） d、感染后寿命平均（45.19±25.09） d,最小感染剂量3.9 log₁₀pfu/mL,F1代卵垂直传播感染率12.50%~42.86%;（2）病毒自身参数：外潜伏期2~10 d,E1-A226V突变株可使白纹伊蚊感染率提升30%~50%,ECSA谱系病毒血症水平较亚洲型高1~2个数量级;（3）宿主人群参数：无症状感染率3%~82%,传染期为发热后0~7 d,慢性症状持续率达25%（>2个月）。同时,指出当前研究存在参数精细化不足、隐性传播识别难、防控策略针对性与适应性不足、技术方法学需创新等挑战。未来需强化本地化参数研究、破解隐性传播难题、推广优化防控策略、推动技术创新,以提升对基孔肯雅热暴发流行的早期预警与应急处置能力,为制定科学有效的防控措施提供数据支撑。

中图分类号:

R195

蔡奕全, 黄琛霖, 刘培文, 李俊熹, 吕志跃, 李明, 袁俊. 基孔肯雅热传播效率核心参数研究进展[J]. 华南预防医学, 2025, 51(9): 943-950.

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