炎症对中老年人群红细胞膜脂肪酸和认知导作用

doi:10.12183/j.scjpm.2026.0540

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探究血浆炎症因子在膳食脂肪酸摄入与认知功能关联中的作用。方法从北京市大兴区招募1 074名45~75岁的中国成年居民,分为正常体重（NW）组、超重（OW）组和肥胖（OB）组。采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）评估受试者的认知状况。采用气相色谱法分析受试者血液样本中红细胞膜脂肪酸谱,以表征受试者的中长期膳食脂肪酸摄入水平。采用酶联免疫吸附试验测定血浆炎症因子水平。校正混杂因素后,采用标准多元线性回归和中介分析对红细胞膜脂肪酸与认知功能进行数据统计。结果 OW组5-羟色胺（5-HT）水平明显低于NW组（P<0.05）。在NW组和OB组,toll 样受体 4（TLR4）和脂多糖（LPS）的改变能够准确地通过总饱和脂肪酸（SFAs）水平来预测（P<0.05）。多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）通过下调OW者TLR2和白细胞介素12（IL-12）水平,对认知功能产生损害（中介效应占总效应比分别为8.76%、7.24%）（P<0.05）;C20：5 n-3通过下调OB人群IL-3水平促进认知改善中介效应占总效应比为7.32%（P<0.05）。结论脂肪酸摄入情况有可能改变血浆炎症因子对认知功能产生影响。IL-12、TLR2和IL-3在脂肪酸和认知健康之间具有负性调节作用。

关键词: 炎症因子, 认知障碍, 肥胖, 红细胞膜脂肪酸, 中老年

Abstract: Objective To investigate the mediating role of plasma inflammatory markers in the association between dietary fatty acid intake and cognitive function. Methods This study recruited 1 074 Chinese adults aged 45-75 years from the Daxing District, Beijing, who were categorized into normal weight (NW), overweight (OW), and obese (OB) groups. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was employed to evaluate the cognitive status of the participants. Gas chromatography was utilized to analyze erythrocyte membrane fatty acid profiles, which served as biomarkers for medium- to long-term dietary fatty acid intake. Levels of plasma inflammatory markers were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). After adjusting for confounding variables, standard multiple linear regression and mediation analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between erythrocyte membrane fatty acids and cognitive function. Results Serotonin (5-HT) levels were significantly lower in the OW group compared to the NW group (P<0.05). In the NW and OB groups, alterations in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were significantly predicted by total saturated fatty acid (SFA) levels (P<0.05). Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were associated with cognitive impairment in the OW group through the downregulation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Interleukin-12 (IL-12), with the mediating effects accounting for 8.76% and 7.24% of the total effect, respectively (P<0.05). Conversely, C20:5 n-3 (EPA) was associated with improved cognitive performance in the OB group by downregulating Interleukin-3 (IL-3), with the mediating effect constituting 7.32% of the total effect (P<0.05). Conclusion Dietary fatty acid intake may influence cognitive function by altering plasma inflammatory profiles. Interleukin-12, Toll-like receptor 2, and Interleukin-3 appear to function as negative modulators in the pathway linking fatty acid status to cognitive health.

Key words: Inflammatory markers, Cognitive impairment, Obesity, Erythrocyte membrane fatty acids, Middle-aged and older adults

中图分类号:

R181.3

李瑾琛, 周催, 申静宜, 麻微微. 炎症对中老年人群红细胞膜脂肪酸和认知导作用[J]. 华南预防医学, 2026, 52(5): 540-546.

Li Jinchen, Zhou Cui, Shen Jingyi, Ma Weiwei. Mediating role of inflammation in the association between erythrocyte membrane fatty acids and cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults[J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2026, 52(5): 540-546.

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