ObjectiveTo analyze changes of the incidence trend of malignant tumor in Chongqing Municipality from 2006 to 2015 and the influencing factors, so as to provide the evidence for prevention and control of malignant tumor.MethodsCancer cases newly reported from 2006 to 2015 were collected from the cancer registries in Chongqing. The data were analyzed to calculate the incidence, Chinese age-standardized incidence rate, and percentage of annual changes of malignant tumor. The incidence trend of malignant tumor was identified by curve estimated exponential distribution regression model. The contribution rate of demographic and non-demographic factors to different incidence trend of malignant tumor was analyzed by the difference decomposing of incidence.ResultsThe incidence rate and Chinese age-standardized rates of malignant tumor increased from 148.08/105 and 131.44/105 in 2006 to 269.39/105 and 177.13/105 in 2015, and the APC was 5.65% and 2.43%, respectively (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The incidence of malignant tumor was higher in males than that in females. The contribution rates due to demographic and non-demographic factors for the increased incidence of malignant tumor were 66.32% and 33.68%, respectively. The contribution rates of demographic factor were higher in male, female, and rural area (80.76%, 51.06%, 114.68%) than those of non-demographic factor (19.24%, 48.94%, -14.68%). But in urban area, the contribution rate of non-demographic factor (64.29%) was higher than that of demographic factor (35.71%).ConclusionThe incidence of malignant tumor presented a rising trend in Chongqing, and the rising trend was synergistically affected by the demographic and non-demographic factors.

ObjectiveTo analyze the space-time interaction and characteristics of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in fine scale, so as to provide a basis for precise prevention and control. MethodsThe case data of HFMD in Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City in 2014 were obtained from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, and the social and demographic data were collected from Statistical Yearbook. Descriptive statistics were performed to describe the distribution of the disease and the Knox test was applied to analyze the space-time interaction.ResultsA total of 3 265 cases of HFMD were reported in Yuexiu District in 2014. There were space-time interactions and the strongest spatial and temporal clustering occurred in 4 days and 200 meters. The strength of spatiotemporal clustering in females was stronger than that in males. The 0-2 years age group was clustered in the 1st, 4th-7th days, 3-6 years age group was clustered in the 1st, 4th-5th, 9th-11th days, and the age group 7 years and over was clustered in 2nd, 7th-8th days. The strengths of clustering were strong within 400 meters for scattered children and in the range of 300-900 meters for the students. The relative-risk of HFMD showed an increasing trend within 4 days and 200 meters.ConclusionHFMD is more likely to occur within short time and short distance. Females, children aged 3-6 years, and children in kindergartens are high risk group for HFMD clustering. Prevention and control measures can be taken according to the spatio temporal characteristics to reduce HFMD clustering.

ObjectiveTo assess the level of total energy expenditure (TEE) and its association with oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsPatients aged 30-70 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected from a general hospital in Guangzhou as the subjects. Their information about 24-hour physical activities were collected to calculate the TEE using the factorial calculation. ELISA was used to detect the concentrations of 8-OHdG and 8-isoPGF2α in urine to evaluate the level of oxidative stress. Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the correlation between the oxidative stress and TEE.ResultsA total of 222 patients were finally involved in this study. Of them, 47.7% (106/222) were females 48.6%(103/222) were aged 30-49 years, and 59.0%（131/222）were from Guangdong Province. Rest and very-low activity were accounted for 86.6% and 83.4% of the total time in males and females, respectively. Compared with females, males spent less time on light activity(P<0.01）， while more time on sitting（P<0.01）. TEEs were 160.4 kJ/（kg?d） for males and 153.3 kJ/（kg?d） for females, and higher in each age group than the corresponding RNIs at heavy physical activity level. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the concentrations of 8-OHdG and 8-iso-PGF2α were positively correlated with TEE (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Multiple linear regression showed that TEE was an influencing factor for the concentration of 8-OHdG and 8-iso-PGF2α (both P <0.01).ConclusionTEEs of patients with type 2 diabete mellitus and heavy physical activity were higher than RNI, and may affect the concentrations of 8-OHdG and 8-iso-PGF2α in urine and increase the level of oxidative stress.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between dietary status and glycemic control inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsPatients with type 2 diabetes mellituswere selected from a hospital in Guangzhou to conduct 3-day-24-hour dietary recalls.The anthropometric parameters were measured and glycemic indexes detected. Association analysis were conducted between different status of dietary intakes and glycemic control. ResultsA total of 223 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in this study. Of the subjects,54.7% were aged 50-70 years, 57.0%males, and 47.5%overweight,23.8%(53/223) smokers, and 6.7%(15/223)alcohol drinkers. Intakes of energy in subjects at light, moderate, and heavy physical activity level accounted for 113.2%-149.1%,115.6%-122.9%, and 85.4%-97.4% of reference nutrient intakes (RNIs), respectively.The intake of dietary fiber (8.3 g) and proportion of energy from protein (14.0%) were lower than the recommended levels. Intakes of vitamin E and iron reached or exceeded RNIs(104.4%-195.7%), while intakes of vitamin A,thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin C,sodium,and calcium were lower than RNIs(21.0%-87.8%). Intakes of vegetables, fruits, aquatic products, eggs, dairy products, soybean, and nuts were below RNIs, but intake of livestock and poultry meat (100 g) was higher than RNIs. Levels of FPG, PPG, and HbA1c were (11.4±4.5),(17.6±5.6)mmol/L, and (9.3±2.1)%,respectively. Of the subjects, 84.3% (188/223) were in poor glycemic control, which was positively associated with proportion of energy from protein (r=0.165), intakes of calcium (r=0.223),and aquatic products (r=0.257)(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). Subjects with intake of aquatic products either ＜40 g/d or ＞75 g/d had higher proportions of inadequate glycemic control than those with 40-75 g/d, and the rate of inadequate glycemic control in subjects with intake of calcium under 90% of RNI was lower than those exceeded 90% of RNI (all P＜0.01).ConclusionMost subjects failed to keep balanced diets and their inadequate glycemic control was possiblyassociated with imbalanced intakes of aquatic products, calcium, and protein.Therefore nutritional education and glycemic monitoring should be reinforced to make immediate adjustment for diets.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of community-based interventions among type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsLiteratures regarding the effectiveness of combined community-based interventions among Type 2 diabetes in China since 2006 were collected through databases including Wanfang Med Online, VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Databases, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Databases（CBM）, and PubMed Databases. Data were analyzed with Stata 12.0 software .ResultsA total of 22 articles were included in the study, containing 1 723 cases in the intervention group and 1 674 cases in the control group. The fasting blood-glucose（FBG） （SMD=0.726，95%CI: 0.359-1.092）, meal after 2 h blood glucose(P2hBG）（SMD=0.798，95%CI: 0.407-1.127）, glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc)（SMD=0.735，95%CI:0.251-1.219）,total cholesterol(TC)（SMD=0.476，95%CI: 0.098-0.855），triglyceride(TG) (SMD=0.721，95%CI: 0.227-1.214）in the community-based intervention group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05 for all).ConclusionThe community-based interventions had significant effectiveness on control of type 2 diabetes. Active community-based interventions should be recommended for type 2 diabetes.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of fatty acid desaturase (FADS) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on erythrocyte membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) composition and cognitive memory of school-age children. MethodsPrimary school students aged 8-12 years were selected from Pingtian Town, Nanxiong City to participate in the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation randomized controlled trial. Basic information, dietary data, anthropometric measurements and fasting blood samples were collected. Cognitive function was assessed using digital span test and Wisconsin card sorting test. Erythrocyte membrane fatty acids composition was determined by gas chromatography. Genome DNA was extracted from blood clots and used to identify the genotypes of 4 FADS tag SNPs.ResultsA total of 106 school students from grade three to grade five were investigated, including 62 males and 44 females, with an average age of (9.17 ± 1.03) years. There was no significant difference in the cognitive memory function of DHA in different erythrocyte membrane (all P＞0.05). The four sites of FADS were in accordance with H-W equilibrium (0.409-0.970). The differences of FADS rs174561 genotypes in different C18∶2, C18∶3(n-6), C20∶5, total n-3, AA/LA, EPA/ALA were statistically significant (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). The mixed linear model analysis showed that the scores of number of completed categories and conceptual level ,conceptual level for mm+Mm genotype were higher than those for MM genotype (all P＜0.05). The total number of errors and total error rate of mm+Mm genotype were lower than those of MM (all P＜0.05). ConclusionFADS SNPs can influence PUFAs status and cognitive function in school-age children.