Objective To explore the status of overweight and obesity in pupils in Luzhou City, and to analyze the correlation between the 5-2-1-0 model and overweight and obesity in pupils, to provide a reference for the prevention and control of overweight and obesity in pupils. Methods From September to October 2021, the random cluster sampling method was used to sample the pupils of grades 4 to 6 from four primary schools in the main urban area of Luzhou City for a physical examination and questionnaire survey. The descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the status of overweight and obesity in pupils, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the correlation between overweight and obesity and the 5-2-1-0 model. Results A total of 922 pupils were investigated, with an average age of (10.46±0.96) years, and 463 boys (50.2%). Among them, 162 pupils were overweight and obese, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 17.6%. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the average daily exercise time (OR=0.560) and weekly intake of sugary drinks (OR=2.656) were related to overweight and obesity in pupils. Conclusions The overweight and obesity status of pupils in Luzhou city is not optimistic. In the 5-2-1-0 model, exercise time and intake of sugary drinks are related to overweight and obesity.

Objective To understand the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of the high-risk population of cardiovascular disease in two new districts of Chongqing, and provide a reference for the formulation of cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment measures in the region. Methods From September 2019 to June 2020, 13 744 permanent residents aged 35-75 years old were selected from Fuling District and Changshou District by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method for physical examination, and fasting fingertip blood glucose and blood lipid detection. The unified questionnaires were used to collect their lifestyle, history, family history, and other information. Chi-square test and multivariate non-conditional Logistic regression were used to analyze the related factors of the high-risk population of cardiovascular disease. Results The detection rate of the high-risk population of cardiovascular disease in Fuling District and Changshou District was 23.15%. The detection rate of males was higher than females, and the difference was statistically significant (25.11% vs. 22.21%, P<0.01). The detection rate increased with age (P<0.05). Males (OR=1.23), domestic workers (OR=1.17), people with higher education (OR=1.15, 1.60), smokers (OR=1.23), patients with hypertension (OR=7.37), people with dyslipidemia (OR=9.91), patients with diabetes (OR=1.28), obese people (OR=1.17) had a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, and younger people (OR=0.66, 0.53, 0.56, 0.66) and retirees (OR=0.80) had a lower risk of cardiovascular disease. Conclusions The detection rate of the high-risk population of cardiovascular disease in the two new districts of Chongqing is high. Gender, age, occupation, educational background, smoking, drinking, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia are the influencing factors for the detection of high-risk population of cardiovascular disease in Fuling District and Changshou District.

Objective To analyze the change trend of maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and mortality of main causes of death, and the correlation between maternal health care indicators and maternal mortality in Shaanxi Province from 2010 to 2019, and predict and analyze the MMR in the next few years, so as to provide basis for relevant departments to formulate intervention measures. Methods The MMR, mortality of main causes of death, and maternal health care indicators in Shaanxi Province from 2010 to 2019 were described. Chi-square trend test was used to analyze the trend of MMR and mortality of main causes of death. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between maternal health care indicators and maternal mortality, and GM (1, 1) Grey model for MMR prediction. Results MMR in Shaanxi Province, urban, and rural areas showed a decreasing trend from 2010 to 2019 (P<0.01). The mortality rates of obstetric hemorrhage, amniotic fluid embolism, hypertensive diseases during pregnancy, heart disease, venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism were all decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was a negative correlation between MMR and hospital delivery rate (r_s=-0.98, P<0.01), but there was no statistical significance between MMR and delivery examination rate, postpartum visit rate, and maternal system management rate ( all P>0.05). It was predicted that MMR in Shaanxi Province would decrease in 2020 - 2022. Conclusions The MMR in Shaanxi Province decreased significantly from 2010 to 2019. The focus of further reducing MMR should be on the training of knowledge and skills in medical complications and improving the quality of maternal health care services.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and its influencing factors among physical examinees in Pinggu District of Beijing. Methods Health examinees from a hospital in Pinggu District of Beijing from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected to analyze the Hp infection status. Univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of Hp infection. Results In this study, 9 286 physical examinees were included, and 3 158 cases of Hp infection were detected, accounting for 34.01%。 Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that men (OR=1.163), drinking (OR=2.667), eating out (OR=2.866), spicy food (OR=3.887), pickled food (OR=5.283), take‐out food (OR=2.719), Hp infection in family members (OR=4.825), history of digestive system diseases (OR=2.552), insistence on using public chopsticks (OR=0.229), and knowledge of Hp (OR=0.338) were the influencing factors of Hp infection in the physical examinees in Pinggu District, Beijing. Conclusions The Hp infection rate of the physical examinees in Pinggu District of Beijing is lower than the national average, which is closely related to factors such as drinking, eating out, bad eating habits, and Hp infection of family members. Prevention measures can be formulated by changing unhealthy lifestyles and eating habits, and Hp related health knowledge can effectively reduce and avoid Hp infection。

Objective To understand the prevalence and related influencing factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in physical examinees in Qingdao Municipal Hospital. Methods The physical examinees of Qingdao Municipal Hospital from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021 were selected, and data were collected by questionnaire. The patients with heartburn or reflux symptoms were further screened for GERD using the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Scale, and the proton pump inhibitor test was used to diagnose GERD. The descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the occurrence of GERD in the physical examinees, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of GERD. Results A total of 16 398 people received physical examination in the hospital, including 7 568 males and 8 830 females, aged 23-76, with the highest proportion of 45-59 years, accounting for 40.79%. There were 864 cases of GERD, and the prevalence rate was 5.27%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the physical examinees with age ≥ 45 (OR＝1.936,2.106), female (OR＝3.086), body mass index＜18.5,≥24.0 kg/m² (OR＝1.102, 1.066, 1.084), lying flat after meals (OR＝1.554), liking greasy food (OR＝1.335), smoking (OR＝5.900), drinking (OR＝3.861), and anxiety (OR＝2.021) had a higher risk of GERD. Conclusions The physical examinees of Qingdao City have a certain risk of GERD. The influencing factors of GERD in physical examinees are similar to those in other populations in China, we can focus on these factors in practical work.

Objective To investigate the status of non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) among adolescents with mental disorders in Shanghai, and explore its related influencing factors. Methods Adolescents with mental disorders admitted to Shanghai Mental Health Center from June 2019 to December 2021 were selected to evaluate the occurrence of NSSI in the past two years by referring to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The basic information of the respondents was collected by using self‐made questionnaire, and the impulse status was evaluated by using the Barratt Impulse Scale (BIS-11). Adolescent Life Events Scale (ASLEC) was used to assess the frequency and intensity of stressful life events. The descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the occurrence of NSSI in adolescents with mental disorders, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of NSSI. Results NSSI occurred in 657 of 1 683 adolescents with mental disorders, with an incidence rate of 39.03%. There were 262 males and 395 females, aged 13-20 years, with an average age of (14.63±3.09) years. The course of disease was 1-4 years, with an average course of disease of (2.87±1.21) years; 268 cases were sporadic NSSI, 389 cases were recurrent NSSI. The lower arm, wrist and hand were the main injury sites of NSSI patients (40.03% and 33.03% respectively). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the more serious the depression (OR=2.255), school violence (OR=2.289), mother's education level of junior college or above (OR=2.428), depressive disorder (OR=1.855), bidirectional disorder (OR=2.212), high impulsiveness total score (OR=1.401), poor interpersonal relationship (OR=1.398), and heavy pressure of study (OR=2.098) were all risk factors leading to NSSI in adolescents with mental disorders. Conclusions The incidence of NSSI is high in adolescents with mental disorders. Patients with severe depression, school violence, high education level of mothers, depressive disorder, bidirectional disorder, high impulsiveness total score, poor interpersonal relationship, and heavy pressure of study are more likely to have NSSI. Therefore, the attention of patients with the above characteristics should be raised and the corresponding intervention strategies should be formulated in time to avoid the occurrence of NSSI as much as possible.

Objective To study the exercise status and glycemic control in elderly diabetic patients. Methods From January 2020 to December 2021, elderly patients with diabetes treated in a hospital in Shangqiu City were selected as the research objects, the basic information of the patients were obtained by a self‐made questionnaire. The basic information included gender, age, level of education, residence, course of disease, diabetic complications, and other underlying diseases. The exercise status was evaluated by the exercise assessment scale for elderly diabetic patients. Blood biochemical indexes were used to evaluate the compliance of glycemic control. Then, the exercise status, glycemic control and influencing factors of elderly diabetic patients were analyzed. Results A total of 1 173 subjects were included, including 645 males (54.99%), aged 60 to 84 years, mainly 60 to 69 years old (45.69%), mainly junior high school or below education level (51.66%), mainly rural residents (56.61%), the course of disease mainly less than 5 years (65.47%), 90.88% of them without diabetes complication, and 79.71% of them without other underlying diseases. The glycemic control reached the standard in 389 cases, with the rate reaching 33.16%. The total score of exercise status was (114.39±20.53). Compared with the patients who reached the glycemic standard, the total score of exercise status, exercise knowledge, exercise behavior, and professional support dimensions score of the patients who did not meet the glycemic standard were significantly lower (all P<0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the course of disease (OR=0.689), complications of diabetes (OR=0.498), and other underlying diseases (OR=0.842) were the influencing factors for the compliance of glycemic control in elderly diabetes patients. Conclusions Exercise status of elderly diabetic patients needs to be improved. Individual nursing intervention should be carried out for elderly diabetic patients with different situations. Through publicity and education, the cognition of exercise knowledge and the willingness to exercise can be improved, the exercise behavior can be improved, and the social and professional support for exercise can be enhanced, so as to promote the glycemic control.

Objective To investigate the status of thyroid dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and analyze its influencing factors, to guide the formulation of relevant prevention and treatment measures. Methods Data collection and thyroid hormone detection were conducted on T2DM patients diagnosed and treated in two hospitals in Zhengzhou from January to December 2021. The descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze the status of thyroid dysfunction in T2DM patients, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of thyroid dysfunction in T2DM patients. Results Among 1 348 T2DM patients, there were 20 cases with hyperthyroidism, 35 cases with hypothyroidism, 61 cases with subclinical hyperthyroidism, and 142 cases with subclinical hypothyroidism. The rate of thyroid dysfunction was 19.14%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gender (female, OR=3.476), age (OR=2.232), body mass index (≥24.0 kg/m², OR=1.988), underlying diseases (OR=1.766), history of thyroid diseases (OR=2.992), course of diabetes (OR=2.646), and insulin treatment (OR=0.641) were the influencing factors of thyroid dysfunction in T2DM patients. Conclusions The incidence of thyroid dysfunction is high in T2DM patients. Females, older age, overweight and obese, underlying diseases, history of thyroid diseases, a longer course of diabetes, and without insulin therapy were the risk factors of thyroid dysfunction in T2DM patients. Regular screening of thyroid function should be strengthened for the group with those risk factors, and thyroid dysfunction should be detected early and corrected in time.

Objective To analyze the incidence and influencing factors of postpartum infection among parturients in a hospital in Tongling City, to provide a scientific basis for the adjustment and formulation of prevention and control measures of postpartum infection. Methods From January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2021, the maternal case data of a maternal and child hospital in Tongling City were derived from the hospital information system, laboratory detection system, and maternity medical records. The descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the incidence of postpartum infection and the characteristics of pathogens, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of postpartum infection. Results In this study, 18 942 parturients included in the analysis were 22-54 years old, with an average of (27.83±5.42) years old; gestational weeks were 26⁺⁶ to 42⁺¹, with an average of (39.21±1.29) weeks. Postpartum infection in 112 parturients, and the infection rate was 0.59%. The infection was mainly in the respiratory system, reproductive tract, surgical incision, and urinary system, accounting for 41.96%, 20.54%,19.64, and 11.61%, respectively. A total of 126 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected in 112 infected patients, mainly including Escherichia coli (28.57%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (19.84%), Enterococcus faecalis (19.05%), and Staphylococcus aureus (12.70%). Multivariate analysis showed that age ≥ 35 years (OR=3.873), complicated with gestational diabetes (OR=3.232), complicated with gestational hypertension (OR=3.016), postpartum hemorrhage (OR=2.702), scar uterus (OR=7.862), placenta previa vaginal repeated bleeding (OR=6.322), premature rupture of membranes (OR=3.177), invasive procedures (OR=7.721), length of delivery ≥ 8 h (OR=2.344), post‐delivery hemoglobin<90 g/L (OR=4.238)were independent risk factors for postpartum infection. Conclusions The postpartum infection of parturients in a hospital in Tongling City is mainly an infection of the respiratory system, reproductive tract,surgical incision, and surgical incision. Age, pregnancy complications, postpartum hemorrhage, scar uterus, placenta previa vaginal repeated bleeding, premature rupture of membranes, invasive procedures, length of delivery, and post‐delivery hemoglobin are related to postpartum infection of parturients.